ES-Aug 2015 Q21-30

One difference between a breccia rock and a conglomerate rock is that the particles in a breccia rock are

• more aligned
• more angular
• harder
• land derived

The photograph below shows rock layers separated by unconformity XY.
Which sequence of events most likely produced this unconformity?

•  uplift and erosion of bedrock, followed by subsidence and more deposition
• intrusion of magma into preexisting rock, causing contact metamorphism
•  eruption of a volcano, spreading lava over horizontal sedimentary rock layers
• separation of one rock layer, by movement along a plate boundary

 The igneous rock gabbro most likely formed from molten material that cooled

• rapidly at Earth’s surface
• slowly at Earth’s surface
•  rapidly, deep underground
• slowly, deep underground

Which statement best supports the inference that most of Earth’s present-day land surfaces have, at one time, been covered by water?

• Volcanic eruptions contain large amounts of water vapor.
• Coral reefs formed, in the past, along the edges of many continents.
• Seafloor spreading has pulled landmasses apart and pushed them together.
• Sedimentary bedrock of marine origin covers large areas of Earth’s continents.

Which diagram best represents the correct orientation of the North Pole [NP] as Earth revolves around the Sun? [Diagrams are not drawn to scale.]

• diagram 1 
• diagram 2
• diagram 3
• diagram 4

Which diagram best represents how greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap heat energy?

• diagram 1
• diagram 2
• diagram 3
• diagram 4

The symbols below represent two planets.
Which combination of planet masses and distances produces the greatest gravitational force between the planets?

• 1
• 2
• 4
• 4

The diagram below represents the circulation of air above Earth’s surface at a coastal location during the day and at night.
This local air movement is best described as an example of

• (1) conduction between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere above it
• (2) condensation of water vapor during the day, and evaporation of water during the night
• (3) convection resulting from temperature and pressure differences above land and water
• (4) greater radiation from the warmer ocean during the day and from the warmer land at night

A change in the type and location of large high-pressure systems (H) and large low-pressure systems (L) over Asia creates shifts in prevailing winds that cause a rainy summer season and a dry winter season in southern Asia.
Which set of maps below best represents the type and location of pressure systems and the wind pattern around these pressure systems that cause these seasonal changes?

• map 1
• map 2
• map 3
• map 4

The photograph below shows both erosional and depositional features formed by an agent of erosion.
Which agent of erosion produced the features shown in the photograph?

• running water
• glacial ice
• ocean waves
• prevailing wind