Honors Biochemistry Test Review

 Proteins have many different functions in a cell. Which of the following are possible functions of a protein?

• catalysts and building blocks of DNA
• enzymes and actively transports molecules across the cell membrane
• building blocks of DNA and structural components of cell membrane
• components of the cell membrane and main source of energy in cellular respiration

Water is essential to all living things. One important attribute of water allows it to maintain a constant environment within cells. Which property of water allows it to do this?

• moderates temperature
• breaking of covalent bonds
• surface tension of water surface
• expansion of water when it freezes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?

•  Enzymes function best at a specific temperature
• The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.
• The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action
• There is no connection between the two statements.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• proteins

Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?

• purity
• polarity and cohesion
• high heat capacity
• expansion upon freezing

In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts, which may reduce the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.  In the graphs below, pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzed reaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzed reaction. Which graph best illustrates the changes in a reaction when the catalyst reduces the amount of energy required?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?  

• Both are made up of monosaccharide monomers, but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic.
• Both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen and lipids contain nitrogen.
• Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not.
• Both have a carbon backbone, but lipids also have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group.

Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

• The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction
• The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all
• The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell
• The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed

Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block?

• Row 1
• Row 2
• Row 3
• Row 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which of these biological functions is made more effective by the hydrogen-bonding properties of water?

• lubrication of joints as a means of preventing injury
• sweating as a means of regulating body temperature
• transmitting signals and information as a means of  body movement
• breathing as a means of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide