7th grade review 7.14ABC

The picture above shows a protist undergoing cell division.As the parent cell divides, it will —

• form offspring that learn to look like the parent through factors in the environment.
• teach its offspring to look and act like it.
• pass on genetic information to its offspring through heredity.
• hold onto some genetic material so that its offspring only get some of its traits.

Which of the following defines heredity?

• The passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next
• The manipulated changing of a trait in an organism
• he ability of organisms to adapt to their environment
• The study of how characteristics are passed on from parent to offspring

The populations of certain countries contain more blond people than the populations of other countries. This trend is explained through heredity, because —

• blond people in these countries are reproducing with other blond people, passing down genes that have instructions for blond hair color.
• hair color is part of a country's culture, so many of the people born in a country all have the same hair color.
• blond people carry a gene that causes their offspring to have blond hair even if the other parent has dark hair.
• over time, the climate of an area determines how the appearance of people living in the area will look.

Which of the following best explains the difference between the terms “genetics” and “heredity”?

• Genetics is the study of recessive traits; heredity is the study of dominant traits.
• Genetics is the study of dominant traits; heredity is the study of recessive traits. 
• Genetics is the study of genes; heredity is the study of how genes are transferred from one generation to the next.
• Genetics is the study of how genes are transferred from one generation to the next, heredity is the study of genes.

During asexual reproduction in paramecia, a single paramecium becomes two new paramecia. The genetic material of the new paramecia is usually —

• identical to the original
• half the amount of the original
• double the amount of the original
• similar to the original

Compared with the genetic material of the original cell in the diagram above, each of the two new cells contains — 

• half the genetic material of the parent cell
• twice as much genetic material as the parent cell
• genetic material that is identical to the parent cell
• new genetic material that is different from that of the parent cell

Which of these occurs in sexual reproduction but not in asexual reproduction?

• Genes carry genetic information.
• An offspring is made of cells.
• Cells from two organisms combine.
• An offspring inherits a set of traits.

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

• It allows the offspring species to look just like the parent species.
• It ensures that all offspring will survive if disease strikes.
• It makes species more able to adapt to environmental changes. 
• It passes genetic information from one parent to one offspring.

The picture below shows yeast budding. Yeast reproduce asexually by budding, a process in which a bud breaks off the original yeast cell.Which of the following best describes a yeast bud?

• A yeast bud is genetically identical to the original yeast cell.
• A yeast bud contains genetic material from its two parents.
• A yeast bud has half as much genetic material as the original yeast cell.
• A yeast bud has different mutations from the original yeast cell.

Organisms will pass down inherited traits to their offspring through the genetic material contained within the nucleus of their cells.  Which of the following examples best illustrates this fact?

• A crop of corn will be eaten by insects unless they are sprayed with pesticides.
• An older dog is discovered to have liver cancer.
• A mother with a recessive trait for color blindness will always pass down color blindness to her offspring.
• rse breeders will choose strong, fast, healthy horses to breed.