AP Bio Population Genetics Microevolution

Natural selection is the process by which

• change occurs in the genetic characteristics of individuals that live together in an environment from one generation to another
• organisms with traits well-suited to their environment reproduce at a greater rate than less well-adapted organisms in the same environment
• use and disuse of a characteristic leads to evolutionary change
• baseball players pass on the trait for strong arm muscles to children

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A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The gene of interest has two alleles, with 16% of the population portraying the recessive phenotype. What is the frequency of the dominant allele?

• 84%

• 60%

• 48%

• 36%

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In the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, p refers to what?

• The frequency of the dominant allele.
• The frequency of the homozygous genotype.
• The frequency of the recessive allele.
• The frequency of the homozygous dominant.

What is the best explanation for a population being described as an evolutionary unit?

• Population can evolve, not individuals
• Natural selection only involves individuals, not populations
• Genetic changes only occur in populations
• A population's gene pool remains the same throughout time

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Gene flow occurs...

• ...when natural forces act on existing variation
• ...when two populations mix, but do not mate
• ...when new individuals are added to a population
• ...when a population is split

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Populations do not necessarily consist of the individuals best adapted to survive and reproduce. Theoretically, the most fit individuals in a population will survive longest and reproduce the most, however chance plays a role in who survives, Reproduces, and whose offsprings survive to reproduce as well. In a population, where the allele frequency shifts by random chance, the mechanism of evolution at work is___.

• Natural selection
• Genetic drift
• Migration
• Mutation

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Which of the following is not true of genetic drift?

• It results from the random transmission of alleles from parents to offspring in a population
• It can lead to alleles being fixed in a population
• It can increase the genetic diversity of a population
• It can lead to loss of alleles in a population

The bottleneck effect occurs when a population size is reduced for at least one generation. Undergoing a bottleneck can greatly reduce the genetic variation a population, leaving it susceptible to extinction if it is unable to adapt to climatic changes, or changes in resource or availability. Small populations are especially at risk when a bottleneck occurs, caused by the greater effect ____ can have on small populations.

• Migration

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

• Mutation

Which Hardy-Weinberg factor represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?

• p2
• 2pq
• q2
• p2 + 2pq

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What do you call all of the genes in a population?

• Gene pool
• Relative Frequency
• Genetic Drift
• Allele pool

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