Bio. 4.1.1

What are the monomer units that make up proteins?

• amino acids 
• glucose
• fatty acids 
•  nucleotides

Organic macromolecules called _______ are insoluble in water, are often found in biological membranes and other waterproof coverings, and have the ability to store energy for extended periods of time.

• lipids 
•  nucleic acids 
• carbohydrates 
•  proteins

What important energy molecule is found in pasta? 

• Protein 
• Lipid 
• Glucose 
• Starch

Which of the following is true about protein molecules?

• The shape and folded structure of a protein molecule are important in determining its function
• Protein molecules are made up of strands of DNA joined together by amino acid sequences.
• The sequence of amino acids that make up a protein molecule do not affect its function. 
•  Protein molecules have many functions in the body, including the storage of genetic information.

Proteins are used for many structural functions such as in the actin and myosin in muscle or as a part of the cytoskeleton scaffolding that maintains cell shape. What other main function do proteins serve?

• as enzymes to control the rate of reactions and regulate cellular activity
• as coding for genotypic expression and phenotypic traits
• as waterproof membranes to regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the cell
• as cellulose to form the major structural component of plant cell walls

Sugars such as glucose, fructose, and ribose are examples of _______.

• lipids
• proteins 
• nucleic acids 
• carbohydrates

Polymers of the carbohydrate monomer glucose are used as the major form of energy storage for many plants. What are these glucose polymers called?

•  starch 
• glycogen 
•  maltose 
• table sugar

Which of the following best describes a carbohydrate?

• Carbohydrates are organic macromolecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are used for energy storage or as structural molecules.
• Carbohydrates are organic macromolecules that are insoluble in water and have the ability to store energy for extended periods of time.
• Carbohydrates always consist of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphate groups and are used to store genetic information.
• Carbohydrates are composed of amino acid monomers and are involved in cell signaling, cell transport, immune responses, and the cell cycle.

Lipids are organic macromolecules that serve a variety of purposes. What is the most important role of lipids?

• to metabolize sugar
• to build muscles
• to oxygenate blood
• to store energy

Which organic compound can you relate to the organelle ribosomes?

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• protein
• nucleic acid