Ch. 9: Revolutions of Industrialization

Which of the following best characterizes past explanations for Europe's Industrial Revolution? 

• Europeans were just lucky to industrialize first.
• Europeans stole innovations from other societies.
• Unique features of European society, economy, or history gave it a long-term advantage and head-start in industrializing. 
• More adequate rainfall encouraged economic and industrial development

Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology? 

• Until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels of economic development.
• Europeans make up only a small percentage of the world's population
• Non-European civilizations have been able to provide other valuable contributions to World History, for example, in terms of music or cuisine.
• Europeans today lag far behind the United States in terms of industry and technology.

How did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europe's Industrial Revolution?

• It awakened a desire to keep all foreign influence out of Europe.
• It encouraged Europeans to radically reform their culture.
•  It enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the world's resources.
• It did not contribute at all; Europeans did not need anything from other civilizations to industrialize.

Which of the following was NOT a reason Britain industrialized first? 

• Enclosed agricultural land
• Rich deposits of iron and coal
• Numerous available publications on advances in science and technology
• Absolute royal authority

Which of the following best describes the changes in British society as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

•  It slowly, almost imperceptibly, changed life for most Britons
• It created tremendous wealth for almost everyone in Britain.
• Numerous available publications on advances in science and technology
• It created tremendous upheaval in all areas of life, the positives and negatives of which are still being debated.

Which of the following best describes the fate of the British aristocracy asa result of the Industrial Revolution? 

• Their importance and wealth declined, though they clung to position in the colonial empire.
• They remained the wealthiest and most powerful members of British society.
• They were violently overthrown by the middle classes.
• They voluntarily gave up their titles of nobility and quietly blended into the middle classes.

What role did women in middle class British families play during the era of the Industrial Revolution? 

• They were expected to work jobs to support the family.
• They were expected to be homemakers and moral educators.
• They were allowed to focus purely on pleasing themselves.
• They were expected to make or sew all the items in the house themselves.

What was the relationship between the laboring and the middle classes in nineteenth-century Britain? 

• They lived and worked alongside each other.
• They were on friendly terms with each other.
• There was no distinction—one class simply blended into another.
• They were like "two separate nations" who were ignorant of each other's ways.

What was the initial attitude of the British upper classes to the creation and legalization of labor unions? 

• They were terrified of unions.
•  They enthusiastically supported unions.
• They were indifferent towards unions.
• They did not know of the existence of unions.

What actual development in Britain's class structure differed from Karl Marx's prediction?

• Increasing polarization between rich and poor
• Sudden increase in the wealth of the working class
• Existence of a lower middle class
• Sudden desire of the rich to give their money away to the poor