Biology Released EOC STAAR 2015 pt. 2 (20 Questions)

Cells can generate as many as 36 to 38 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose. Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production?

• Anaerobic cellular respiration

• Protein synthesis

• Aerobic cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis

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Structures represented in the illustration below are found in the lower epidermis of a plant leaf. The illustration at right shows the response to a certain environmental condition. The response represented in the illustration would most likely be caused by

• a reduced supply of oxygen

• long periods of rainfall

• high concentrations of glucose

• little available water

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How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?

• As a sequence of nucleotides

• In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome

• In the ratio of adenine to thymine

• As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

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The food web shows the flow of energy through a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Which of these organisms are in a trophic level that receives a larger percentage of the energy captured by the producers than the percentage received at the bats’ trophic level?

• mountain lions

• snakes

• hawks

• ground squirrels

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Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To generate visible light, cells in a firefly’s tail produce thousands of luciferase enzymes. Luciferase binds to a chemical called luceferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluceferin. This reaction requires energy and releases light. Which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction?

• Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible.

• Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start.

• Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin that must bind to oxygen.

• Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly.

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An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor. Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram?

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons.

• Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears.

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas.

• The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas.

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Facial dimples and free earlobes are both considered dominant human traits. What are the expected phenotypes of the offspring of a female with dimples and free earlobes (DDFf) and a male with no dimples and attached earlobes (ddff)?

• 50% with dimples and free earlobes and 50% with dimples and attached earlobes

• 50% with dimples and free earlobes and 50% with no dimples and attached earlobes

• 75% with dimples and free earlobes and 25% with no dimples and attached earlobes

• 75% with dimples and attached earlobes and 25% with no dimples and free earlobes

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Adult mountain lions (Puma concolor) are almost 2 meters long. They have a black spot over each eye. The common names used throughout the United States for this species are listed. Why is it best for scientists to use the name from the standardized taxonomic system?

• The standardized name differentiates mountain lions and pumas.

• The standardized name is less descriptive of the animal that has been observed.

• Communication with other scientists about mountain lions will be reduced.

• All scientists will be using one name for mountain lions.

The internal transport of water and minerals in plants requires that two systems work together. Which diagram correctly describes how the two systems accomplish this?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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At birth, Himalayan rabbits are usually white over their entire bodies. But when parts of their bodies reach temperatures below 35°C, a pigment that causes these parts to turn black is produced. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this phenomenon?

• Poor blood circulation

• Infection caused by cold temperatures

• Gene expression that is regulated by temperature

• A trait that is both sex-linked and hormone-dependent

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