Rise of Fascism Italy and Germany

How does Mussolini's fascism differ from communism?

• Fascism appealed to the upper and middle class by keeping the social structure intact.

• Fascism appealed to the working class by promising to redistribute the wealth and provide future job opportunities.

• Fascism appealed to the upper middle class by allowing tax incentives to small business owners.

• Fascism appealed to the mass population by not providing compulsory attendance for public education

How did Mussolini use the black shirts to establish control of Italy?

• The black shirts broke up strikes, intimidated voters, and drove socialists from political office.

• The black shirts annexed all lands once belonging to the Medici family and enforced a military conscription.

• The black shirts planned the assassination of all political opponents of the Roman Catholic Church to establish order.

• The black shirts formed national pride by chasing the Nazi Army out of the Holy Roman Empire.

How did Mussolini convert Italy into a police state?

• Mussolini took over as Minister of War, suspended basic liberties, and established a secret police force.

• Mussolini declared himself Il Duce (Emperor for Life) and invaded the Balkan peninsula to strengthen the Italian army.

• Mussolini signed the Rome-Berlin Axis with Adolf Hitler who was able to provide a well-armed military to overthrow the Pope.

• Mussolini wrote the Constitution of the Clergy which ended the reign of Vatican City over the Italian City states.

Following World War One, why were many Germans disappointed with the Weimar Republic?

• The Weimar Republic abandoned the Gold Standard making most of the German money too valuable.

• The newly formed government agreed to the strict payment of war reparations in the Treaty of Versailles.

• Fascist and communist republics began a series of rebellions against the Ottoman Empire.

• The government was believed to have fixed the free elections so Hitler would not be elected.

How did the cost of war reparations for World War One affect the German economy?

• Following the war, soldiers were the only citizens receiving medical benefits from socialist medicine.

• The high cost of war reparations forced Germany to allow American engineers to rebuild the nation.

• The war reparations forced Germany to spend their entire national reserve on building a newer, more modernized military.

• High unemployment and uncontrolled inflation crippled the national economy.

How did Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch reflect the attitude of Germans?

• Many Germans were frustrated toward the Weimar Republic and wanted political change.

• Many Germans supported the Weimar Republic and wanted to exile Adolf Hitler.

• Many Germans believed the Weimar Republic wanted to repeal prohibition to boost the economy.

• Many Germans supported Adolf Hitler because he unified all the ethnicities living in Germany and Austria.

How did the Nazi Party gain political influence in Germany during the 1930s?

• The depression and civil unrest caused many middle-class Germans to support the nationalist ideas of the Nazi Party.

• The failure of World War One forced many military leaders to support the Weimar Republic by voting for Nazi candidates.

• The Nazi Party provided tax incentives to promote modern industry and communist expansion of industry.

• The housing market boom and bull market encouraged free enterprise and the election of Nazi legislators.

Who organized a new political movement known as fascism in 1919?

• Adolf Hitler
• Francisco Franco
• Benito Mussolini
• Joseph Stalin

How did Italian leaders view the peace settlement that ended World War I?

• They were angered by the war guilt clause they were forced to sign.
• They were disappointed in the amount of territory they were awarded.
• They were overwhelmed by the reparations they were required to pay.
• They were relieved they were not punished as severely as Germany.

Mussolini believed Italy’s social and economic problems could only be solved by

• a dictator.
• a parliamentary democracy.
• the Nazi Party.
• the restoration of the Italian monarchy.