工程英文評量四

All structures must be designed to support loads without danger of overall collapse or failure of the component. One way to assure structure safety is to ascertain that stresses and strains produced by loads are less than allowed by established design codes.

請問ascertain是什麼意思

• 確定

• 回答

• 討論

• 理解

If computation shows that the reactions balance the loads (weight of structure, occupants, stored materials, vehicles, wind, and earthquake forces), the structure is in static equilibrium.

請問occupant是什麼意思

• 執政者

• 供給者

• 佔據

• 居住者

The next step is determination of internal forces and unit stresses in the components of the structure. Finally, if necessary, the deformation of the structure as a whole and of its components may be calculated.

請問component是什麼意思

• 包含

• 梁柱

• 構件

• 同行者

These steps are facilitated by use of principles and concepts such as the law of equilibrium. Many of these tools are based on the assumption that the structure is elastic under loads; that is, stress is proportional to strain.

請問proportional是什麼意思

• 達到...目的

• 成正比

• 適合

• 成反比

The structural analysis for stresses and strains in frame members includes consideration of static loads, such as weight of the members and floors, content of the building, and live loads (considered to be static), and dynamic loads such as wind and earthquakes.

請問dynamic是什麼意思

• 流體的

• 動力的

• 靜止的

• 機械的

Because of the nature of wind and the lack of better information, wind forces are considered to be statically applied to the structure. The manner of calculating the loads and location of lines of action on the building face are prescribed by local building codes.

請問prescribe是什麼意思

• 掌握

• 預習

• 描述

• 規定

For other types of irregular buildings having abrupt changes in plan and elevation, dynamic methods of analysis must be used in order to determine the internal stresses on all the components of the structure.

請問abrupt是什麼意思

• 突然

• 打斷

• 跳躍

• 禮讓

These dynamic methods of analysis require an understanding of the principles of structural dynamics and vibrations of buildings. As such, because of the complexity of the methods, highly sophisticated computers are required to determine the solution of the many equations of motions of the structure.

請問sophisticated是什麼意思

• 高級的

• 次等的

• 具有某種現象的

• 低等的

Structural design is the selection of materials and member type, size, and configuration to carry loads in a safe and serviceable fashion.

請問serviceable是什麼意思

• 提供的

• 服務性質的

• 有效率的

• 有用的

Structural design involved at least five distinct phases of work; project requirements, materials, structural scheme, analysis, and design. For unusual structures or materials as sixth phase, testing, should be included.

請問scheme是什麼意思

• 材料

• 方案

• 試驗

• 勁度