SSCG2

How did the English Bill of Rights limit the power of the monarch?

• Parliament could not rule without the consent of the monarch

• A cabinet was created to represent Parliament's majority party

• The monarch could not levy taxes without a specific grant from Parliament.

• Nobles were selected to be a part of the monarch's special advisory group.

What forced King John of England to grant rights to the nobility, respect the rights of his subjects, and accept limitations to his powers as king?

• The Magna Carta

• The Writ of Habeas Corpus

• he Statement of Liberties

• The English Bill of Rights

The Petition of Right is an important document in Great Britain's history and in the development of their political system. This document was presented to King Charles 1 by Parliament in 1628. Some of the important ideas presented to the monarch included punishments to violations of laws could not be excessive, no forced quartering of soldiers by citizens, the right to "habeas corpus" and that taxes must be approved by Parliament.

Using the prompt, which ideas are most influenced by the Petition of Right?

• Common law

• Bill of Rights

• Divine Right of Kings

• Declaration of Independence

Which of these was a major philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

• support for states' rights and slavery

• a belief in the natural rights of citizens

• the need for a federal system of government

• a belief in the benefits of a laissez-faire economy

Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of

• natural rights

• popular sovereignty.

• separation and balance of governmental power.

• government was created by man for his own purposes

[I]t is plainly contrary to [against] the law of nature... that children should command old men, fools wise men, and that the privileged few should gorge themselves... while the starving multitude are in want of the bare necessities of life.-Rousseau, Second Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, 1755

Rousseau's ideas of "natural law" led to his publication of The Social Contract in 1763. His writings reflect Enlightenment ideals because he desired

• greater rights for common people

• harmony between faith and reason

• a return to the primacy of the Catholic Church

• a rebirth of the classical ideals of Greece and Rome

Man being born with a title to perfect freedom, and enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men; but to judge of, and punish the breaches of that law in others.-John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690

John Locke's writing reflects the ideals of the Enlightenment in that

• men are created with equal rights and responsibilities under the law of nature.

• civil society is not possible when men work to protect their property

• there is no private property, and therefore no justice or injustice.

• government must be rule by a democracy, rather than by a monarch.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government..."The Declaration of Independence, 1776

This passage BEST represents which of these theories in the Declaration of Independence?

• Foucault's theory

• Machiavelli's Theory

• Social Contract Theory

• Popular Sovereignty Theory

Which European philosopher proposed that dividing the government into three branches would prevent any one person or group from gaining total control?

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Thomas Hobbes

• Baron de Montesquieu

What did the ideas of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau have in common?

• The philosophies challenged the traditional role of women.

• The philosophies inspired the American and French revolutions.

• The theories promoted fairness in the criminal justice system.

• The theories encouraged the establishment of absolute monarchs.