Evolution, Viruses, and Classification Test

Scientists use cladograms like the one shown to show the evolutionary relationships among species. The letter at the branching points represent a common ancestor of two species. (SB4b)

Based on the cladogram shown, which of the following statements is true?

• Species 2, 3 and 4 are descendants of ancestor D.

• Species 5 is a descendant of ancestor B.

• Ancestor C is a descendant of ancestor D.

• Species 2 and 4 are descendants of ancestor B.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following is evidence to support the idea that two different species might have a common ancestor? (SB6c)

• Their fossils were discovered in the same location.

• Many of their genes are the same.

• Their methods of respiration are alike.

• They use the same means of locomotion.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following is considered by most biologist to be the most accurate in supporting the theory of evolution? (SB6c)

• Fossils

• Embryology

• DNA Sequencing

• Genetic Equiibrium

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The diagram below shows the embryos and the adult forms of animals from different classification groups. What do the embryos suggest about these three animals? (SB6c)

• The animals are not related.

• The animals share a common ancestor and are therefore related.

• Fish are more closely related than are chickens.

• Fish and chickens are closely related, but humans are not related to either fish or chickens.

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Which of these is required for natural selection? (SB6b)

• All individuals of a population must be identical.

• There must be a small number of individuals in a population.

• There must be variation among the members of a population.

• A population of individuals must be forced out of their natural habitat.

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A student observes that a type of eubacteria contains chlorophyll. Which of these does this type of bacteria have in common with plants? (SB4a)

• It is photosynthetic

• It contains vascular tissue

• It contains mitochondria

• It is heterotrophic

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Based on the data in the chart below, which organisms share the most recent common ancestor? (SB4b)

• human and kangaroo

• gorilla and rhesus monkey

• cow and mouse

• human and soy bean

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

The diagrams below show changes in a desert lizard population. Which biological concept is illustrated? (SB6b)

• polygenic traits

• natural selection

• sex linked inheritance

• silent mutations

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An early biological theory stated that a change in a population can occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive and pass these variations on to the next generation. This theory is better known as the Theory of ---- (SB6b)

• natural selection

• punctuated selection

• variation and adaptation

• acquired characteristics

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When a virus infects a bacterium, what does the virus inject into the cell? (SB4c)

• viral nucleic acid

• capsid proteins

• hormones

• tail fibers