Age of Revolutions

Speaker A: I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it.

Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.

Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.

Which historical figure expressed ideas that are most similar to those of Speaker B?

• Thomas Malthus

• John Locke

• Peter the Great

• Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet

". . . Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. . . ."— Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789

Which principle of the Enlightenment philosophers is expressed in this quotation from the French Revolution?

• natural law

• nationalism

• free trade

• socialism

Base your answer on the quotations below and on your knowledge of social studies."The rule of law is more powerful than the rule of the tyrant."— Simon Bolivar

These ideas were first expressed during which period of European history?

• Pax Romana

• Enlightenment

• Middle Ages

• Renaissance

"The French Revolution is most important for having changed subjects to citizens."

This statement emphasizes the shift from

• religious traditions to secular values

• divine right rule to people's participation in government

• rural lifestyles to urban lifestyles

• private property ownership to government ownership

"Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely." — Lord Acton, British historian

Based on this quotation, which type of government would Lord Acton most likely support?

• dictatorship

• absolute monarchy

• totalitarian state

• representative democracy

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in

• challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church

• support for the Earth-centered theory of the universe

• confirmation of Darwin's theory of evolution

• a renewed interest in the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

During the Renaissance, the role of the individual as well as the study of Latin and Greek classics, moral philosophy, and history were closely associated with

• national self determination

• predestination

• monasticism

• humanism

What influence did the Scientific Revolution have on the Enlightenment in Europe?

• Natural laws were used to explain human affairs.

• Economic growth was slowed by the lack of useable technology.

• Scientific truths were used to justify absolute monarchies.

• The emphasis on religious doctrine led to the rejection of scientific ideas.

The idea that all people are born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property is most directly associated with the writings of

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet

• John Locke

In which way did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the French Revolution?

• Superstition and ignorance were promoted.

• The principles of mercantilism were glorified.

• The divine right theory of kings was challenged.

• Punishments for criminal acts were rooted in vengeance.