Review for Histology Unit 3 Lab Exam

What does the pictured structure do at its lumenal membrane in its first half? (Pick all that apply)

• Absorb glucose and sodium via the Na/Glucose symporter

• Absorb sodium via the Na/H antiporter

• Absorb sodium via the Na/K antiporter

• Absorb sodium, potassium, and 2 chloride via the NKCC1 symporter.

Which area has a higher interstitial osmolarity? (Hint: it serves as the effective osmoles to pull water from the descending loop of Henle)

• A - The cortex

• B - The inner and outer medulla

What is the name of the circled structure?

• Bowman's Capsule

• Glomerulus

• Macula Densa

• Proximal Tubule

To increase GFR, what tone can the afferent and efferent arterioles take? (Choose all that apply)

• Dilated afferent and constricted efferent

• Constricted afferent and dilated efferent

• Dilated afferent and regular efferent

• Regular afferent and constricted efferent

What will trigger the macula densa to signal to the afferent arteriole to constrict (because of the juxtaglomerular cells) and decrease GFR?

• Low Na, K, and Cl levels sensed by the NKCC2 receptor which cause the Macula Densa to release ATP and Adenosine, increasing intracellular Ca in the extraglomerular cells.

• Low Na, K, and Cl levels sensed by the NKCC2 receptor which cause the Macula Densa to release PGE2 to stimulate the juxtaglomerular apparatus to release renin and subsequently, Angiotensin II.

• High Na, K, and Cl levels sensed by the NKCC2 receptor which cause the Macula Densa to release PGE2 to stimulate the juxtaglomerular apparatus to release renin and subsequently, Angiotensin II.

• High Na, K, and Cl levels sensed by the NKCC2 receptor which cause the Macula Densa to release ATP and Adenosine, increasing intracellular Ca in the extraglomerular cells.

As this structure ascends toward the cortex, it is permeable to ________ and impermeable to ___________, creating a _________ tubular fluid tonicity.

• Water, Sodium, Hypotonic

• Sodium, Water, Hypotonic

• Water, Sodium, Hypertonic

• Sodium, Water, Hypertonic

In this region, urea is an __________ osmole.

• Ineffective

• Effective