When studying memory, we are often concerned with the process of getting information into the system. The process of getting information into short-term memory is called

• retrieval

• storage

• encoding

• sensation

• perception

Suppose you want to remember all the states. You decide that you are going to make up a song to help you. When you do this, you are using what psychologists call a(n)

• mnemonic

• learning strategy

• encoding strategy

• retrieval strategy

• context cue

Which of the following brain structures plays a key role in transferring information from short-term memory to long- term memory?

• hypothalamus

• thalamus

• hippocampus

• frontal lobe

• parietal lobe

Which of the following exemplifies retroactive interference

• After suffering a blow to the head, Jean cannot form new memories

• Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied for her Italian test after studying Spanish

• Lee cannot remember an important date on the history exam

• Gene cannot remember his new locker combination but remembers last year’s

• Jodie remembers the first few items on her school supply list, but can’t remember the rest of them

When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This patter underscores the importance of

• chunking

• serial position effect

• semantic encoding

• auditory encoding

• automatic encoding

Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?

• Iva can’t remember the details of a horrifying event because she has repressed them

• Mary has entirely forgotten about an incident in grade school until her friend reminds her of the event

• Michael can’t remember this year’s locker combination because he confuses it with last year’s combination

• Stephen misremembers a dream as something that really happened

• Anna, who has been trying to lose weight, is unable to remember several of the between-meal snacks she had yesterday

The tendency to overestimate the probability of events that get heavy media coverage reflects the operation of

• framing effects

• the representativeness heuristic

• the availability heuristic

• mental set

• forming subgoals

In Elizabeth Loftus's 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an accident. Later, some of the subjects were asked a question about a yield sign when the actual slides contained pictures of a stop sign. When these same subjects were later asked about what kind of sign was at the accident, there were very likely to be confused in this situation. This is an example of __________.

• instant replay effect

• hindsight bias effect

• misinformation effect

• levels of processing effect

• constructive processing effect

Randall believes that aliens crashed in the western United States in the 1950s. When looking for information about this on the internet, he ignores any sites that are skeptical of his belief and only visits and talks with his friends about the sites that support his belief. What is this an example of?

• creativity bias

• confirmation bias

• functional fixedness

• convergent thinking

• confirmation fixedness

The system of rules for combining words and phrases to make meaningful sentences is called________.

• syntax

• phonics

• grammar

• pragmatics

• morphology