AP Psychology Midterm Review

Johann is 83 years old and has recently experienced a stroke, which left the right side of his body paralyzed. In addition, he is having trouble understanding direct questions or requests. Johann has no trouble speaking. Which of the following brain areas is likely to have been damaged by Johann's strokes?

• somatosensory cortex

• Wernicke's area

• hypothalamus

• Broca's area

• reticular activating system

Lisa wants to assess the intelligence of students in her kindergarten class. She tests thirty students over the course of the year to determine how their cognitive abilities change. She uses validated IQ tests and reports each student's IQ at the start and end of the school year. She informs all parents of the results at the conclusion of the study and uses numerical codes to keep the students' identities confidential. Which of the following ethical guidelines has Lisa overlooked?

• informed consent from parents

• no clear dependent variable

• debriefing

• confidentiality

• emotional toll of the research on the children

Jennifer spent most of her free time playing lacrosse because she loved the strategy of the game and enjoyed spending time with her teammates. She earned a college scholarship for lacrosse and must continue playing in order to keep her scholarship. She appreciates the financial incentive this opportunity has provided, but now finds herself playing only to keep her scholarship rather than for the love of the game. Which of the following best explains her feelings towards lacrosse when she is in college?

• positive punishment

• drive reduction theory of motivation

• overjustification effect

• Maslow's hierarchy of needs

• negative reinforcement

Henry has great anxiety before any exam. If he performs a ritual to organize exam materials before he begins, his anxiety temporarily goes away. Because this ritual provides relief for Henry, he has increased this habit. This is an example of

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• aversive conditioning

• positive reinforcement

• negative punishment

Maria conducted a survey regarding the amount of sleep individuals in her study had each night for one month. She then tested them in a virtual driving machine to see how many errors they made while driving. She wanted to determine if sleep deprivation impacted driving accuracy. She found that the less people received, the more errors they made while driving. What kind of study did Maria create and what type of relationship can be identified?

• experiment; negative

• correlational study; negative

• correlational study; illusory

• correlational study; positive

• experiment; positive

Which branch of the nervous system controls digestion, breathing, and heart rate?

• autonomic

• central

• somatic

• limbic

• endocrine

Researchers at the Big City University are studying the impact of weightlifting on the speed of student athletes on the track and field team. One group will weightlift for one hour per day and the other group will not weightlift at all during the trial period. The independent variable is _________ and the dependent variable is __

• speed; weightlifting

• studying; weightlifting

• weightlifting; studying

• weightlifting; speed

• studying; speed

Professor Smyth is studying the relationship between watching violent television and a desire to play violent video games. He finds that the teens who watch violent shows are more likely to also play violent video games. Which of the following best describes his findings?

• a negative correlation

• an illusory correlation

• a normal distribution

• a positive correlation

• a bimodal distribution

In the Montessori model of education, students do not receive grades and are allowed to explore independently. Even though students are not "rewarded" by receiving grades, they often learn much information. Which of the following concepts is exemplified by this situation?

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• modeling

• intrinsic motivation

• classical conditioning

Jerry becomes ill after eating a Caesar salad. Now, whenever Jerry even smells Caesar salad he begins to feel nauseous. Which component of classical conditioning explains Jerry's reaction to the smell of Caesar salad?

• a neutral stimulus

• an unconditioned stimulus

• an unconditioned response

• a conditioned stimulus

• a conditioned response