Enlightenment Thinkers

Study the diagram below. Which label best replaces the question mark in the diagram?

• American and French Revolutions

• Buddhism and Confucianism

• Islamic philosophy

• Scientific Revolution

Which principle of government does the chart below illustrate?

• General Will of the people

• Social Contract

• Separation of Powers

• Freedom of Politics

The idea of the Social Contract was that

• The government granted people rights.

• The people needed protection from each other.

• The people could protect their own rights.

• The government protected the people’s rights.

What is the difference between a constitutional monarchy and an absolute monarchy?

• The king has no power in a constitutional monarchy

• An absolute monarch would never grant rights to people.

• A constitutional monarch has limitless power.

• An absolute monarch’s power is not limited by a constitution.

“… We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Which Enlightenment philosopher most influenced the ideas represented in the above statements from the Declaration of Independence?

• Hobbes

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

• Locke

Voltaire’s quote, “I disapprove of what you say but I defend to the death your right to say it” reflects which Enlightenment idea?

• Freedom of press

• Freedom of religion

• Right to life, liberty, and property

• Freedom of speech

A basic idea of the Enlightenment was that

• All people had rights and a right to influence government.

• An individual’s rights should be based on religious belief.

• Machiavelli was correct that the end justifies the means..

• Absolute monarchy was the best form of government.

During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they:

• Relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers.

• Favored absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions.

• Favored absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions.

• Examined natural laws governing the universe.

John Locke’s central political value was

• The protection of individual rights

• Designing governments around biblical teachings

• Ensuring an equal distribution of wealth

• The empowerment of the majority of people

Based on his quote, "the life of man, (is) solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,” Thomas Hobbes would most likely approve of what kind of government?

• A government which protected rights

• A government that responded to the majority of the people

• A government that controlled people’s bad behavior

• A government that helped people