BOH4M Motivation

__________ refer(s) to forces within the individual that account for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work.

• Work desire.

• Motivation.

• Job preferences.

• Job expectations.

• Career aspiration.

__________ are externally administered; they are valued outcomes given to someone by another person, typically a supervisor or higher-level manager

• Extrinsic rewards.

• Intrinsic rewards.

• Lower-order needs.

• Higher-order needs.

• Valences.

__________ are self-administered and they occur “naturally” as a person performs a task.

• Extrinsic rewards.

• Intrinsic rewards.

• Lower-order needs.

• Higher-order needs.

• Valences.

To take full advantage of the possibilities for creatively linking rewards and performance, managers must __________.

• Respect diversity and individual differences.

• Clearly understand what people want from work.

• Allocate rewards to satisfy the interests of both individuals and the organization.

• All of the above.

• None of the above.

__________ plans involve employees in ownership through the purchase of stock in the companies that employ them.

• Bonus.

• Profit-sharing.

• Employee stock ownership.

• Gain-sharing.

• Merit.

The system of awarding pay increases in proportion to individual performance contributions is a __________.

• Gain-sharing system.

• Merit pay system.

• Scanlon system.

• Profit-sharing system.

A manager can __________ an employee by administering an unpleasant outcome, such as a verbal reprimand, pay reduction, or demotion.

• Encourage.

• Satisfy.

• Punish.

• Reward.

• Reinforce.

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

A. Punishment can and should be combined with positive reinforcement.

B. Punishment is used to remove undesirable behavior

C. Positive reinforcement is used to shape and develop more desirable behaviors.

D. All of these statements are true.

E. All of these statements are false.All of these statements are false.

• Punishment is used to remove undesirable behavior

• Positive reinforcement is used to shape and develop more desirable behaviors.

• Punishment and reward should be combined with verbal reinforcement.

• All of these statements are true.

• All of these statements are false.

A person at the self-actualization level of Maslow’s hierarchy will be satisfied by the following outcomes:

• Creative and challenging work.

• Participation in decision making.

• Job flexibility.

• Growth of learning and skills

• All of the above

A person who likes praise and recognition from his or her supervisor is seeking the satisfaction of the __________ needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.

• Physiological.

• Esteem.

• Self-actualization.

• Safety.

• Social.