Renaissance & Reformation

Which factor contributed most to the development of the Renaissance in Italy?

• City-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade

• Nobles in Italy had been military leaders in the Crusades

• The Catholic Church provided political stability to the region

• The region had become politically unified under one king

The most immediate cause of the Reformation included --

• Erasmus' publishing of The Praise of Folly

• Martin Luther's posting of the Ninety-five Theses

• John Calvin's establishment of a theocracy in Geneva

• Henry VIII's plea to Pope Clement VII for an annulment

Humanism influences Renaissance art and scholarship by advocating a return to --

• feudal traditions of medieval Europe

• monastic traditions of Spain and Italy

• aristocratic traditions of ancient Persia

• classical traditions of Greece and Rome

Secularism, humanism, naturalism, and classicism are the defining characteristics of which time period?

• Middle Ages

• Renaissance

• Age of Revolutions

• Romantic Era

How did the Reformation change the political composition of Europe?

• The Pope became the political advisor to many European monarchs

• Eastern Europe became vulnerable to the advances of the Ottomans

• Monarchies were overthrown and Protestant theocracies were created

• Nobles aligned with either Catholic or Protestant traditions and went to war