AP Bio Evolution Chapters 19-22 Vocab Review

Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproductions in a specific environment

• Adaptation
• Vestigial structures
• Microevolution
• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

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a process in which traits that enhance survival or reproduction tend to increase in frequency in a populations over tie.

• Adaptive evolution
• Vestigial structures
• Evolution
• Heterozygote advantage

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Structures that are similar because of convergent evolution, not homology

• Analogous structures
• Taxonomy
• Adaptive evolution
• Homologous structures

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits.

• Artificial selection
• Taxon
• Analogous structures
• Homology

natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in a population

• Balancing selection
• Stabilizing selection
• Artificial selection
• Maximum parsimony

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A common term for the two-part Latinized format for naming a species

• Binomial nomenclature
• Sexual selection
• Balancing selection
• Microevolution

Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced , as by a natural disaster of human actions, leaving the surviving population with a different gene pool

• Bottleneck effect
• Sexual dimorphism
• Binomial nomenclature
• Monophyletic

A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants.

• Clade
• Population
• Bottleneck effect
• Natural selection

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The evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages.

• Convergent evolution
• Polyphyletic
• Clade
• Paraphyletic

Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals.

• Directional selection
• Phylogeny
• Convergent evolution
• Phylogenetic tree

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