AP Psych: Learning

Through direct experience with animals, small children come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates what psychological learning concept?

• Associative learning

• Law of Effect

• Latent Learning

• Spontaneous recall

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a(n):

• Conditioned Response

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Unconditioned Response

• Unconditioned Stimulus

Maddie gets a speeding ticket, and her parents take her car away for 2 weeks. This is an example of what reinforcement schedule?

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

Leah is interested in helping her daughter learn manners. Each time her daughter says something that is close to appropriate, she rewards her. Slowly, she raises the standard defining appropriate. What term is explained by this process?

• Generalization

• Habituation

• Priming

• Shaping

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule?

• Being paid by the week

• Getting paid for each unit you sell

• When a dog gets a treat every time it sits on command

• Winning money at a slot machine

Responding to a stimulus in order to avoid electric shock is an example of what?

• Avoidance conditioning

• Escape conditioning

• Positive Punishment

• Shaping

Rats that do not find a positive reinforcer at the end of a maze learn slowly when compared to rats that do find a positive reinforcer at the end of a maze. However, if the first group does begin receiving a positive reinforcement at the end of a maze, their performance in the maze begins to match the second group’s performance. This is an example of what effect?

• Latent Learning

• Law of Effect

• Garcia Effect

• Operant Conditioning

Which is most true of punishment?

• It has a long-range inhibitory effect upon behavior.

• It is effective in behavior control without undesirable side effects.

• It is effective specifically in cases of retroactive inhibition.

• Its inhibitory effect is only short-range, and the general behavior tendency remains essentially unchanged.

What is the basis of Thorndike’s Law of Effect?

• In addition to practice, there must be reinforcement.

• In addition to reinforcement, there must be reward.

• Negative Punishment is the most effective

• Positive Punishment is the most effective

A gambler’s addiction is a result of what reinforcement schedule?

• Fixed interval

• Fixed ratio

• Variable interval

• Variable ratio