The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to

recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area

re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec

facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories

grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in eastern Canada

guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean

Which of the following correctly compares the impact of centripetal forces at the local scale with the impact of centripetal forces at the national scale?

Centripetal forces at both the local scale and the national scale may lead to increased cultural cohesion.

Centripetal forces may cause uneven development at the local scale but not at the national scale.

Centripetal forces may lead to stateless nations at the national scale but not the local scale.

Centripetal forces may result in nationalism at the local scale but not at the national scale.

Centripetal forces at both the local scale and the national scale may lead to failed states.

Which of the following describes typical characteristics of federal states?

A large land area and multiple ethnic groups

A centralized government and strong centripetal forces

A fragmented land area and a single ethnic group

A small land area and high population density

A compact shape and a primate city

The Philippines and Malaysia lay claim to resources under and around the Spratly Islands. Which of the following best explains how the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) influences claims to the islands by both countries?

The claims to the Spratly Islands by both the Philippines and Malaysia overlap due to exclusive economic zones up to 200 nautical miles from their coasts.

The Philippines and Malaysia both claim the islands lie within their territorial seas up to 12 nautical miles from their coasts.

The claims to the islands by the Philippines and Malaysia overlap due to the median line principle.

The Philippines and Malaysia both claim ownership to the resources based on a historic possession of the islands.

The Philippines and Malaysia both claim the islands lie within their contiguous zones between 12 and 24 nautical miles from their coasts.

The boundaries of congressional districts of the United States are

set according to a process developed by the writers of the United States Constitution

redrawn whenever a member of Congress feels his or her constituency has changed

redrawn after every presidential election

drawn to cross over state boundaries

Which of the following describes a federal form of governance?

Multiple substates have local control and are unified to pursue common goals at the national level.

A centralized government creates a barrier to local participation in the political process.

Autonomous regions act outside the authority of a central government.

Federal states encourage devolutionary movements and break apart quickly.

Laws are enacted in a single language to promote cultural unity.

Which of the following describes a unitary form of governance?

A state has a strong central government with no power given to regions.

Stronger states and transnational corporations indirectly control weaker states.

A collection of independent communities shares government services.

A state’s more powerful central government shares power with its regions.

A sense of unity, often derived from ethnic or cultural traits, binds a country together.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of devolutionary movements in Spain and Canada?

There is an economic aspect to the Catalan independence movement, while the Quebecois focus mainly on cultural differences.

There is an economic aspect to the Quebecois independence movement, while the Catalans focus mainly on culture.

Both independence movements utilize cultural distinctiveness as their only reason for seeking independence.

Both independence movements focus on religious differences with the nations they currently belong to.

Both independence movements utilize economic power as their main reason for seeking independence.

Based on the data in the table, which of the following is a possible impact of ethnic and religious diversity in Iraq?

Ethnicity and religion lead to devolutionary pressures in the country by politically dividing regions.

Ethnicity and religion act as centripetal forces in the country by creating a common Iraqi identity among the population.

Ethnicity and religion facilitate democratization in the country by motivating participation in elections.

Ethnicity and religion promote economic development in the country by generating national pride in the country’s accomplishments.

Ethnicity and religion increase cultural cohesion in the country by promoting shared political ideology.

Which of the following can be an example of a centrifugal political force?

Variation of language within the country

Concentrated ownership of media

Which of the following describes an example of a consequent boundary?

Canada created the province of Nunavut to provide greater autonomy for the First Nations.

The Berlin Wall between East and West Germany no longer exists, but the location is still evident.

European powers divided Africa at the Berlin Conference and drew boundaries across the continent.

The United States–Canadian boundary was set at the 49th parallel by a treaty before the area was settled.

The Andes Mountains are used as a political boundary to divide Chile and Argentina.

Which of the following best explains the governance of the shaded areas shown on the map?

These areas show where indigenous peoples have a limited amount of self-government at a national scale.

These areas are established as nation-states for indigenous peoples at the local scale.

These areas show territory occupied by indigenous peoples as stateless nations at a local scale.

These areas show territory controlled by indigenous peoples as a single multistate nation.

These areas are lands of indigenous peoples that are sovereign independent states at an international scale.

Which of the following best describes the role of the federal state in a country’s political organization?

To act as an overarching government for a collection of subnational states allied for a common purpose

To act as a system of defense that protects subnational states from threats emerging outside of the country’s international borders

To act as a single centralized economy for a collection of subnational states allied for a common purpose

To act as a strong centralized administration that eliminates the need for self-governing subnational or local governments

To act as a virtual public-service provider that eliminates the need for self-governing subnational or local governments

Which of the following best explains the effect of French language and culture on the federal state of Canada’s political power?

French language and culture act as a centrifugal force in Canada because independence movements in Quebec have attempted to secede the province from Canada.

French language and culture act as a centripetal force throughout Canada as the majority of Canadians have English as a first language and the government uses both languages in official communications.

As an expression of political power, the Canadian federal government restricts French language and culture from media and government proceedings.

French language and culture act as centripetal forces and unify all of Canada’s people and government into a single nation.

Because French Canadians are spread across the country’s provinces, the Canadian government implemented federal laws to create a common culture and language for all Canadians.

Which of the following is a likely outcome of gerrymandering?

Packing areas of minority group voters into a single legislative representative’s district

Splitting areas of majority group voters across a number of legislative representatives' districts

Disrupting electronic polling machines or the data networks run by elections officials

Placing a legislative representative’s districts in a row pattern while drawing a new electoral map

Supporting political party candidates with campaign funds intended to be used in particular geographic areas

Which of the following compares the impact of increased global communications technology to the impact of state-controlled media?

Global communications technology may bring in new ideas that act as centrifugal forces, whereas state-controlled media is utilized as a centripetal force to present a common message.

Both global communication technology and state-controlled media act as centripetal forces that present a common message, which is utilized by the government to bind citizens together.

Neither global communications technology nor state-controlled media have any impact on the viability of a state when it comes to centripetal or centrifugal forces.

Global communications technology is utilized as a centripetal force to present a common message, whereas state-controlled media may bring in new ideas that act as centrifugal forces.

Both global communications technology and state-controlled media act as centrifugal forces because they give citizens access to concepts or ideas that may inspire dissent.

A good example of a centripetal force in political geography is

the existence of different language regions

religious diversity and conflict

a poorly developed road network

In 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established freedom-of-navigation rights and defined territorial waters as a 12-nautical-mile limit from the coast where individual states have political and economic sovereignty. However, Greece and Turkey still only claim a 6-nautical-mile territorial sea. What do the maps indicate regarding the political geography of the Aegean Sea?

Greece controls most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

Turkey controls most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

Turkey and Greece share control of most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

Turkey controls all access from the Dardanelles to the Mediterranean Sea.

Greece controls all access from the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea.

Nunavut in Canada is a semiautonomous region that allows an indigenous group within Canada to maintain their own culture and local government, reducing the threat of fragmentation. Which of the following best compares the impact of the creation of Nunavut at both local and national scales?

It created centripetal forces at both local and national scales.

It created centrifugal forces at both local and national scales.

It created centrifugal forces at the local scale but not the national scale.

It created centrifugal forces locally and centripetal forces nationally.

It created centripetal forces at the national scale but not the local scale.

Which of the following explains why Bosnia and Herzegovina would want to join the European Union (EU)?

To benefit from the EU free trade zone and achieve economic and social stability

To increase the chances of joining NATO and protection against Russian invasion

To benefit from the EU single currency and open borders that exist between their country’s neighboring states

To benefit from the EU single currency and eliminate the cost of currency exchange with the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Sweden

To participate in the EU free trade zone and automatically receive the protection of NATO

Which of the following explains why Korea and Vietnam were viewed as shatterbelts during the Cold War?

Korea and Vietnam experienced conflict due to a dispute between global powers.

Korea and Vietnam were politically controlled by regional powers.

Korea and Vietnam kept two political adversaries geographically separated.

Korea and Vietnam fragmented into new states due to internal tensions.

Korea and Vietnam tried to control land and sea areas around their states.

The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea give coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?

Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone

200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone

Compare the centralized power of the Soviet Union with the contemporary Russian Federation, in terms of the control of territory. Which of the following statements does the information in the map best support?

Russia is an ethnically diverse region with many subnational units.

Russia is a global power with concentrated power in East Asia.

Russia is a multistate nation made up of numerous sovereign independent entities.

Russia’s autonomous regions illustrate a strategy to counter the difficulty in governing such a large area from a single centralized location.

Russia used to control fifteen additional republics that regained their independence in 1990.

What is the source of dispute between Canada, Russia, Norway, Denmark, and the United States over political boundaries in the Arctic Ocean and ownership of the North Pole?

They all claim the right to extract natural resources out to the edge of the continental shelf, beyond their exclusive economic zones.

They all claim to have had indigenous residents from their countries living on the polar ice pack at sometime in the past.

Each claims the first explorer to reach the North Pole came from their country and planted their flag, signifying ownership.

The northern polar region has the same international treaties that govern land use and resources in Antarctica.

The North Pole is the focal point of all the intersecting boundaries on the map. However, it floats on a constantly moving ice sheet.

Based on the map, which of the following best explains the implications of physical geography as the Kurds continue to struggle for an independent state in their ethnic homeland?

Most areas with a Kurdish majority population are landlocked and therefore dependent on good relationships with their neighbors in order to access trade and prosper economically.

Israel, Turkey, and Russia have voiced their support for an independent Kurdistan in areas with a majority Kurdish population, showing potential validation for Kurdistan.

n September 2017 a public referendum was carried out that demonstrated that a majority of Kurds overwhelmingly support independence.

Even in areas with a Kurdish minority population, Kurdish people have their own unique culture and identity separately from the states in which their nation is located.

Unstable oil prices have created economic problems both in parts of the region with a Kurdish majority population and in parts with a Kurdish minority, leaving the Kurdistan Regional Government weakened and struggling to pay off debt.

Most of Africa’s political boundaries were originally drawn by

European colonial powers in the late-nineteenth century

seventeenth-century European explorers

decolonization movements of the 1950s and 1960s

UN peacekeeping missions in the 1950s and 1960s

United Nations recognition of a state's "exclusive economic zone" allows the state to

claim national economic jurisdiction over 200 nautical miles of water extending from its coast

establish economic free trade zones within the sovereign territory of other states

limit importation of competitive goods and services from other countries

protect domestic production by imposing tariffs on all foreign-made products

form limited economic alliances with other countries

The examples in the table show states that gained or lost United States House of Representatives districts based on 2010 census data. The states were required to revise district boundaries based on census data. Using the data in the table and the description, which of the following identifies the scales of analysis that are reflected in this redistricting?

Local representation in the national legislature

Member state representation in a supranational legislature

Local representation in the state legislature

State representation in the regional legislature

Local representation in the regional legislature

Which of the following possible political effects is implied by the data in the table?

The high level of economic difference between the regions in Italy acts as a devolutionary force.

The country’s high level of economic development acts as a centripetal force holding the state together.

The low level of economic difference between regions in Italy acts as a centripetal force holding the state together.

The low level of economic difference between regions in Italy promotes devolutionary movements in some parts of Italy.

The country’s low level of economic development promotes centrifugal forces tearing the state apart.

In 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established freedom-of-navigation rights and defined territorial waters as a 12-nautical-mile limit from the coast where individual states have political and economic sovereignty. However, Greece and Turkey still only claim a 6-nautical-mile territorial sea. If Greece and Turkey adopted the UNCLOS system and expanded their territorial seas to 12 nautical miles, as shown in Map 2, which of the following scenarios best explains the resulting geographic pattern?

Greece would be required to guarantee the right of passage for ships transiting from the Dardanelles to the Mediterranean Sea.

International ships transiting from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea would only be able to sail in Turkey’s coastal waters.

Black Sea countries like Bulgaria would have to ship goods by land through Europe or Russia to participate in international trade.

Greece would only guarantee right of passage to ships from other European Union countries due to the open border policy.

Turkey would be forced to join the European Union in order to participate in international trade and benefit from the open border policy.

Based on the information in the map, what is the most likely outcome of the possible establishment of an independent Kurdistan for the Kurdish people?

The Kurdish people, seeking a state of their own with a majority Kurdish population, might secede from or rebel against the states labeled on the map.

The state of Turkey, seeking to connect areas with a substantial Kurdish population into an independent state, might take action against neighboring states.

The Kurdish people would have to migrate into a single country to gain a population majority and would struggle for control of the government.

In areas with a Kurdish majority population, Kurdish people are politically active among Turks, Iranians, Iraqis, and Syrians and would be able to win an election on a national vote to secede.

The countries shown on the map will cooperate and work together to address the political situation and needs of people in areas with a substantial Kurdish population.

Examining the countries shown in white on the map of the former Yugoslavia, which of the following explains why the area would be referred to as a shatterbelt region?

The countries comprise a strategically positioned area and have unstable national governments.

The countries have an open-border policy and have abolished all passport and customs controls along their shared political boundaries.

The countries comprise a multiethnic culture region and have strong federal governments.

The countries are outside of the European Union but are inside of the European continent.

The countries are former communist states and remain allied with the Russia.

APHG Review #4

Authored by E. V.

Social Studies

9th - 11th Grade

Used 602+ times

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60 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following groups represents a nation without a state?

Kurds

Israelis

Turks

Germans

Albanians

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Based on the map, which of the following can be identified as a true statement about Northern Ireland?

It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state.

It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group.

It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area.

It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state.

It is a stateless nation, as the entire island of Ireland is under the control of the United Kingdom.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best explains why the region of Catalonia in Spain could be a viable country?

Catalonia is linguistically distinct compared to other regions in Spain.

Catalonia is well developed economically compared to other regions in Spain.

Catalonia's population is ethnically distinct compared to other regions in Spain.

Catalonia has a large population compared to other regions in Spain.

Catalonia has a major city, Barcelona, which has a notoriety comparable to that of the Spanish capital, Madrid.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The Berlin Conference established the borders of North African countries including Egypt, Libya, and Sudan. The landscape of these countries influenced the types of boundaries imposed by the European colonial powers. Which of the following boundary types best explains the influence of landscape on the political borders of the North African region?

Antecedent, based on tribal cultural boundaries that existed before European colonization

Subsequent, with smaller buffer states placed between larger states to prevent political conflicts

Consequent, accounting for local differences in language and religion during European colonization

Natural, with irregular lines, accounting for regional physical features such as mountains or water bodies

Geometric, with straight lines, disregarding physical features or tribal cultural differences of the areas

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Boundaries based on the median-line principle are generally associated with

major highways

converging ethnic territories

unsettled frontier zones

bodies of water

mountain ridges

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Some territories within the Russian Federation are characterized by concentrated populations of ethnic groups and these areas function as autonomous republics. Which of the following best explains the political relationship between the autonomous republics and the central government of Russia?

The central government of Russia exerts complete control over the autonomous republics to counteract devolutionary pressures.

The autonomous republics are able to function independently from the central government because of an abundance of natural resources.

Russia is a multistate nation characterized by contested regional boundaries.

The autonomous republics provide ethnic groups with some political control over their homelands while preserving Russia’s territorial integrity.

Russia is a unitary state characterized by many ethnic groups united within a single country.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The former international border between East Germany and West Germany is best described as

an open border

a demilitarized zone

a relict boundary

an antecedent boundary

a geometric boundary

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