The Victorians Make the Modern (Chap 18 - 2)

How did the large department stores of the nineteenth century attract middle-class women patrons?

• The stores posted burly security guards at all the doors.

• They offered tearooms and attentive service.

• The stores banned men from entering without their mothers or wives.

• They proclaimed that children and women were their primary audience.

How did working-class women gain access to the fine department stores in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

• Working-class domestics accompanied their female employers into the stores.

• They could enter the stores only if they dressed and acted like middle-class women.

• Working-class women gained access as clerks, cashiers, and store messengers.

• Vagrancy laws made it impossible for non-elite people to enter the stores.

Which of the following describes the consumer culture that emerged in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century United States?

• Modern and innovative

• Politically progressive

• Feminist and egalitarian

• Separate but equal

Which of the following phenomena spurred changes in Americans’ understanding of masculinity in the late nineteenth century?

• Baseball

• Urban life and work

• The “new woman”

• Exclusive male city clubs

The growth of the YMCA in late-nineteenth-century American cities resulted from which of the following factors?

• People newly arrived in cities needed an outlet for entertainment.

• There was a greater need to train athletes for professional sports careers.

• There was an epidemic of obesity across the United States in the nineteenth century.

• The YMCA prompted “muscular Christianity” for white-collar workers.

By the early 1900s, many business leaders encouraged their male workers to participate in sports to

• exhaust workers’ competitive instincts.

• adjust to the demands of the industrial clock.

• counter the influences of domesticity.

• maintain their contacts with working-class culture.

How did baseball become America’s most popular game?

• The game had been popular with Americans soldiers since the Revolutionary War.

• Baseball teams often allowed women to play.

• Professional teams were started in dozens of cities as part of the National League.

• It was the only distinctively American game before the 1860s.

Which of the following was a reason American businesses embraced baseball in the late nineteenth century?

• It reminded urban Americans of their rural past.

• The game taught a new generation about the bloody days of the Civil War.

• It provided urbanites with a respected symbol of authority––the umpire.

• The game was a wholesome way to promote discipline and teamwork.

As the United States industrialized, the outdoors lost its association with danger and hard work and became newly associated with

• pollution.

• sexuality.

• renewal.

• religion.

Which of the following statements characterizes urban leisure in post–Civil War America?

• Few urban Americans had any extra money to spend on leisure activities.

• Families and churches were still the settings of most leisure activities.

• Leisure became a commercial commodity enjoyed outside the home.

• Most urban Americans worked such long hours that they had little time for leisure activities.