014 - The Interwar Period - Frieler Ch 15

Efforts to maintain European peace following World War I included

• a three-way alliance between Great Britain, France, and the Weimar Republic.

• the addition of an armed international security force to the League of Nations.

• an inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente.

• increased intervention by the United States in European political affairs.

• the belated United States decision to Join the League of Nations.

One significant effect of the Great Depression in Europe was

• the complete destruction of Communist parties.

• huge unemployment rates in all nations but Great Britain.

• the strengthening of liberal, democratic movements in the 1930s.

• the rise of authoritarian movements in many areas of Europe.

• the growth of free trade in order to spur economic recovery.

The totalitarian regimes of Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union

• pursued vastly different foreign policies.

• held each other in disdain.

• hoped to control every aspect of their citizens' lives

• retained power due to the charisma of their leaders.

• established a formal alliance directed against laissez-faire liberal capitalism.

Squadristi were

• the closest advisors of Mussolini.

• armed bands of Fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies.

• elite soldiers of the Fascist state.

• officers in the Italian military.

• military opponents of Mussolini.

During the 1920s, Germany's Weimar Republic

• possessed outstanding politicians.

• suffered from uprisings by both left and right.

• was able to enact major reforms to Germany's basic governmental structure.

• managed to win support for the republic by leaders of powerful business cartels.

• None of these are correct.

Hitler brought Germany out of the Great Depression

• by staging mass rallies.

• by printing money.

• through rearmament and public works.

• by implementing price controls.

• by nationalizing key industries.

Hitler's anti-Semitic policies in the 1930s

• included the Nuremberg laws, which centered on the forced emigration of all Jews from Germany.

• were emulated in France by the Popular Front.

• did not exclude Jews from legal, medical, and teaching positions.

• would remain minimal and unorganized until World War II.

• reached their most violent phase during Kristallnacht, with attacks on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

Joseph Stalin's emergence as leader of the Communist party was aided by

• Lenin's recommendation that he become sole leader.

• his alliance with Trotsky and the Right in the Politburo.

• his position as general secretary of the Bolshevik party.

• strong support of the left in the Politburo, which favored the spread of Communism abroad.

• the support of the Soviet military.

The Stalinist era in the 1930s witnessed

• the decline of industrialization in favor of the collectivization of agriculture.

• real wages and social conditions for the industrial labor force improve dramatically.

• millions of ordinary citizens arrested and sent into force labor camps.

• an abundance of permissive social legislation.

• an activist foreign and military policy, bent upon immediately making Eastern Europe a satellite region to the Soviet Union.

Artistic and intellectual trends in the interwar years reflected

• a rejection of the avant-garde.

• a disillusionment with Western Civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I.

• realistic forms of art, as with the Dadaists.

• an acceptance of modern art forms, especially in Germany and Russia.

• a rediscovery of Romantic Realism as the major art movement in the West.