Reproductive Disorders (does not include STIs)

Which is NOT considered to be a change associated with aging in males?

• Erectile dysfunction

• Decreased testosterone levels

• Prostate enlargement

• Termination of spermatogenesis

Why do the testes descend into the scrotum?

• There is not sufficient room in the abdomen.

• Abdominal temperature is too low to produce hormones.​

• Abdominal temperature is too high to produce viable sperm.

• There is no known reason.

For which disorder are Pap smears often effective in early detection?

• Cervical cancer

• Cervicitis

• Dysmenorrhea

• Ovarian cancer

The signs and symptoms of _____ are usually mild or indistinct until the disease has spread to other organs, making early detection difficult.

• breast cancer

• ovarian cancer

• cervicitis

• dysmenorrhea

Painless and firm lump in breast, nipple discharge, breast pain, swelling of breast, bone pain, may have rash on affected breast.

• Fibroids

• Breast Cancer

• Ovarian Cancer

• PMS

Absence of menstrual cycle

• Amenorrhea
• Dysmenorrhea
• Menorrhagia
• Prementrual Syndrome

Most often caused by HPV (virus that causes warts) - screened for with a pap smear 

• Menopause 
• Breast Cancer
• Cervical Cancer
• Endometriosis 

Infection of female reproductive organs usually after STD has spread up. Symptoms may include pelvic pain, heavy/irregular period, fever, scarring of organs. May cause ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain.

• Ovarian cancer

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

• PCOS

• Toxic shock Syndrome

Idiopathic condition (unknown cause). S/Sx: Infrequent/Irregular periods, Infertility, Cysts in ovaries, Excessive facial/body hair, Acne

• Breast Cancer

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

• Polycystic Ovarian syndrome

• Cervical cancer

Inflammation of the epididymis usually caused by bacterial STIs usually associated with swollen, tender scrotum/testes, groin pain

• testicular torsion

• Epididymitis

• Prostate cancer

• Testicular Cancer