Module 75: AP Psychology

Which of the following is an example of conformity?

• Malik has had a series of dogs over the years. Each has learned to curl up at his feet when he watches television.

• Renee buys the same brand of sweatshirt that most of the kids in her school are wearing.

• Jonah makes sure to arrive home before his curfew because he knows he will be grounded if he doesn't.

• Yuri makes sure to arrive home before her curfew because she does not want her parents to be disappointed in her.

• Terry cranks it up a notch during volleyball practice because the team captain has been on her case for not showing enough effort.

In Milgram's classic study on obedience, approximately what percentage of people delivered what they believed to be the maximum shock level?

• One-tenth

• One-half

• One-third

• One-fourth

• Two-thirds

If a cluster of people stand gazing upward, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates

• the mere exposure effect.

• the bystander effect.

• social loafing.

• the chameleon effect.

• social facilitation.

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called

• the reciprocity norm.

• peripheral route persuasion.

• social loafing.

• conformity.

• obedience.

Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study

• the mere exposure effect.

• the fundamental attribution error.

• social facilitation.

• deindividuation.

• conformity.

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

• only when the group was composed of at least six members.

• even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.

• even when the group seemed uncertain and repeatedly altered its judgment.

• only when members of the group were friends prior to the experiment.

• only when the group was composed exclusively of males.

Accepting others' opinions about reality is to ________ as the desire to gain approval is to ________.

• deindividuation; social facilitation

• social facilitation; deindividuation

• informational social influence; normative social influence

• normative social influence; informational social influence

• ingroup bias; outgroup bias

A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage

• altruism.

• nonconformity.

• ingroup bias.

• groupthink.

• superordinate goals.

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because

• the “learners” made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances.

• the “teachers” actually enjoyed shocking another person.

• the “teachers” were more obedient than most people would have predicted.

• the “learners” obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest.

• the “teachers” so often refused to administer shocks.

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that

• people are naturally predisposed to be hostile and aggressive.

• even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction.

• the desire to be accepted by others is one of the strongest human motives.

• people value their freedom and react negatively when they feel they are being coerced to do something.

• we are most likely to conform to the opinions of others when faced with a unanimous opinion.