Government AIR Review #1

What was the direct effect of the 13th Amendment?

• the abolition of slavery

• the desegregation of public schools

• the enforcement of poll taxes by state governments

• the establishment of African-American National Guard units

From time to time, the Supreme Court has extended civil rights protections to groups that historically have been denied rights guaranteed to other Americans. Sometimes the Supreme Court has done this by interpreting and applying principles found in existing Constitutional amendments.

Which legal principle did the Supreme Court use to extend the Bill of Rights guarantees to state laws and to broaden civil rights protections for minorities?

• the "two-thirds clause" of the 12th Amendment

• the "punishment clause" of the 13th Amendment

• the "due process clause" of the 14th Amendment

• the "apportionment clause" of the 16th Amendment

The 9th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution is shown.

"The enumeration (listing) in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed (interpreted) to deny or disparage (take away) others retained by the people."

How did the 9th Amendment address Federalist concerns about including a bill of rights in the Constitution?

• It ensured that only state governments would be able to grant rights to citizens.

• It ensured that guaranteeing some rights would not lead to other rights being violated.

• It ensured that the federal government would have more power than state governments.

• It ensured that a proper balance of power among the three branches of government would be established.

The 25th Amendment was ratified after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Which issues, among others, did the 25th Amendment clarify?

• how a new president is elected

• how to fill the office of vice president when it is vacant

• the role of the Secret Service in protecting the president

• the role of the Speaker of the House in presidential succession.

What was the immediate impact of the 14th Amendment?

• It granted citizenship to African Americans.

• It guaranteed suffrage rights to African Americans.

• It prohibited the use of poll taxes in the United States.

• It outlawed the segregation of public facilities in United States.

Prior to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1788, Federalists and Anti-Federalists debated how well the proposed constitution upheld the principles of government that would later become important in the Nullification Crisis.

Based on their arguments during the ratification debate, which statement describes what the Anti-Federalists would have thought about the Force Bill?

• Anti-Federalists would have sided with South Carolina because they supported the principle of absolute power.

• Anti-Federalists would have sided with South Carolina because they opposed having an overly powerful federal government.

• Anti-Federalists would have sided with South Carolina and President Jackson because they opposed trading with foreign countries.

• Anti-Federalists would have sided with Congress and President Jackson because they supported increased power for state governments.

A city government is holding a vote to decide whether to construct a new airport on city land. An undecided voter has gathered several sources of information about the proposed airport to help her decide how to vote.

Which source of information about the issue is both credible and relevant?

• a guide to identifying aircraft released by the Federal Aviation Administration

• a website where residents of the city post their opinions about the possible construction of the airport

• a brochure published by the airport's developers promoting the economic benefits of building the airport

• a report on the environmental impact of the airport by a group of scientists and urban planners.

Which right allows U.S. citizens to directly participate in the electoral process?

• the right to vote

• the right to trial by jury

• the right to religious freedom

• the right to legal representation

The legislative, executive and judicial branches of the federal government each have specific powers.

Which power belongs to the judicial branch?

• enforcing laws

• interpreting laws

• passing resolutions

• recognizing foreign nations

How did the adoption of the Ohio Constitution of 1851 weaken the power of the General Assembly?

• by creating district courts throughout the state

• by banning the use of poll taxes during elections

• by allowing people to begin voting for the office of governor

• by establishing that major executive officials would be directly elected by the people