AP GOPO Unit 5

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

• 15th Amendment

• 19th Amendment

• 24th Amendment

• 26th Amendment

• 17th Amendment

Supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices across the ballot

• Rational-Choice Voting

• Retrospective Voting

• Prospective Voting

• Party-Line Voting

Voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen's individual interest

• Rational-Choice Voting

• Retrospective Voting

• Prospective Voting

• Party-Line Voting

Voting to decide whether the party or candidate in power should be re-elected based on the recent past

• Rational-Choice Voting

• Retrospective Voting

• Prospective Voting

• Party-Line Voting

Voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future

• Rational-Choice Voting

• Retrospective Voting

• Prospective Voting

• Party-Line Voting

Invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to order the registration of blacks in states and counties where fewer than 50 percent of the voting-age population were registered or had voted in the last presidential election, also provided criminal penalties for interfering with the right to vote

• Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

• Baker v. Carr (1962)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

• Voting Rights Act of 1965

Banned soft money contributions to national political parties from corporations and unions; independent expenditures by corporations, labor unions, trade associations, and nonprofit organizations are sharply restricted

• Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

• Baker v. Carr (1962)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

• Voting Rights Act of 1965

Decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures (political spending) by corporations, associations, and labor unions is free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Upheld bans on direct contributions to candidates. Lead to creation of super PACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering

• Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

• McCutcheon v. FEC (2014)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

• Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

The ability of the news media, by covering stories about some topics and not others, to shape the public agenda

• Horse-race Journalism (Scorekeeper)

• Gatekeeper

• Watchdog

• Media Bias

The press's role as an overseer of government officials to ensure they act in the public interest

• Horse-race Journalism (Scorekeeper)

• Gatekeeper

• Watchdog

• Media Bias