The Hopi Native Americans

Piles of sand called dunes

Desert mountains called mesas

Stone structures called temples

Underground rooms called kivas

The Hopi believe that praying to Kachinas can bring rain.

The Hopi believe that Kachinas are the spirits of their ancestors.

The Hopi believe that Kachinas will make them rich.

The Hopi believe that Kachinas can bring their prayers to the gods.

The use long hoses to water their crops.

They plant their seeds in groups so the plants can survive strong winds.

They grow plants such as corn that have deep roots.

They plant their crops in the valley where rainwater collects.

The Hopi don't like to live on the ground.

The mesas only have one entrance and were easy to defend from the Spanish.

The Hopi liked being closer to the sun.

The American Settlers forced the Hopi to move onto the mesas.

The Hopi and the Navajo were fighting too much.

The U.S. government wanted to use Hopi land for American settlers.

The Hopi wanted to be left alone.

The U.S. government wanted to give the Hopi a nicer place to live.

A person called the president

A leader called the mayor

A ruler called the king

A chief called a kikmongwi