AP Review 2

An application program interface (API) provides a procedure Max, which returns the greater of its two integer

arguments.

A programmer would like to find the greatest of three integer values a, b, and c. Which of the following

expressions will produce the desired result in every case?

• Max (Max (a, b), c)

• Max (a, b) - Max (b, c)

• Max (a, b) + Max (b, c) – Max (a, c)

• (Max (a, b) + Max (b, c)) / 2

The following question uses a robot in a grid of squares. The robot is represented by a triangle, which is initially

facing right.

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A student is creating a procedure to determine whether the weather for a particular month was considered very

hot. The procedure takes as input a list containing daily high temperatures for a particular month. The procedure

is intended to return true if the daily high temperature was at least 90 degrees for a majority of days in the

month and return false otherwise.

Which of the following can be used to replace <MISSING CODE> so that the procedure works as intended?

• counter < 0.5 * total

• counter > 0.5 * total

• total < 0.5 * counter

• total > 0.5 * counter

The following figures represent different ways of configuring a network of physically linked computers labeled P, Q, R, and S. A line between two computers indicates that the computers can communicate directly with each other.

In which configuration is it NOT possible to have redundant routing between computers P and S?

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Byte pair encoding is a data encoding technique. The encoding algorithm looks for pairs of characters that appear in the string more than once and replaces each instance of that pair with a corresponding character that does not appear in the string. The algorithm saves a list containing the mapping of character pairs to their corresponding replacement characters.

For example, the string "THIS_IS_THE_BEST_WISH" can be encoded as "%#_#_%E_BEST_W#H" by replacing all instances of "TH" with "%" and replacing all instances of "IS" with "#".

Which of the following statements about byte pair encoding is true?

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossy transformation because it discards some of the data in the original string.

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossy transformation because some pairs of characters are replaced by a single character.

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossless transformation because an encoded string can be restored to its original version.

• Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossless transformation because it can be used to transmit messages securely.

Byte pair encoding is a data encoding technique. The encoding algorithm looks for pairs of characters that appear in the string more than once and replaces each instance of that pair with a corresponding character that does not appear in the string. The algorithm saves a list containing the mapping of character pairs to their corresponding replacement characters.

For example, the string "THIS_IS_THE_BEST_WISH" can be encoded as "%#_#_%E_BEST_W#H" by replacing all instances of "TH" with "%" and replacing all instances of "IS" with "#".

For which of the following strings is it NOT possible to use byte pair encoding to shorten the string’s length?

• "BANANA"

• "LEVEL_UP"

• "MEET_ME_LATER"

• "NEITHER_HERE_NOR_THERE"

The grid contains a robot represented as a triangle, initially facing up. The robot can move into a white or gray square but cannot move into a black region.

The code segment below uses the procedure GoalReached, which evaluates to true if the robot is in the gray square and evaluates to false otherwise.

REPEAT UNTIL (GoalReached ())

{

<MISSING CODE>

}

Which of the following replacements for <MISSING CODE> can be used to move the robot to the gray square?

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Which of the following allows users to refer to Web sites using names, such as example.com, rather than

numbers, such as 93.184.216.34 ?

• A digital certificate

• The domain name system (DNS)

• The hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

• The simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)

Which of the following is an underlying assumption that is made when Moore’s law is used?

• As computer hardware improves, the algorithms used in programs will become more efficient.

• As computer hardware improves, developers will become more skilled at writing code.

• As computer hardware improves, future computers will be able to run faster than current computers.

• As computer hardware improves, the number of cybersecurity concerns will increase.

A student wrote the following code for a guessing game.

Line 1: secretNumber ← RANDOM (1, 100)

Line 2: win ← false

Line 3: REPEAT UNTIL (win)

Line 4: {

Line 5: DISPLAY ("Guess a number.")

Line 6: guess ← INPUT ()

Line 7: IF (guess = secretNumber)

Line 8: {

Line 9: DISPLAY ("You got it right!")

Line 10: }

Line 11: ELSE

Line 12: {

Line 13: IF (guess > secretNumber)

Line 14: {

Line 15: DISPLAY ("Your guess is too high.")

Line 16: }

Line 17: ELSE

Line 18: {

Line 19: DISPLAY ("Your guess is too low.")

Line 20: }

Line 21: }

Line 22: }

While debugging the code, the student realizes that the loop never terminates. The student plans to insert the

instruction win←true somewhere in the code. Where could win←true be inserted so that the code segment works as intended?

• Between line 6 and line 7

• Between line 9 and line 10

• Between line 20 and 21

• Between line 21 and 22