Final Review

The Connecticut Compromise, also known as the Great Compromise of 1787, created a bicameral legislature in which representation in the House of Representatives was based proportionally on the number of people who lived in each state, while representation in the Senate was distributed equally among all states.

How did this plan ease tensions and contribute to the constitutional democracy that the United States maintains today?

• A This plan was a compromise between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists since the House of Representatives would give more power to the individual states and the Senate would give more power to the federal government.

• B This plan was a compromise between small states and large states and ensured that the large states would not dictate all of the legislation in the nation, while still limiting the power of the smaller states.

• C This plan was a compromise between those who wanted Congress to rule with a prime minister and those who wanted a more powerful president because it gave a significant amount of power to both a Congress and a president.

• D This plan was a compromise between those who wanted to retain the structure of government created by the Articles of Confederation and those who wanted a completely new constitution since the Senate mirrored the former unicameral Congress.

The Congress shall have power . . . To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof . . . Article I, Section 8, U.S. Constitution No State shall . . . coin Money . . . Article I, Section 10, U.S. Constitution

According to the excerpts from the U.S. Constitution, the powers given to Congress but denied to the state governments are fundamental to which structure of government?

• Separation of Powers

• Federalism

• Checks and Balances

• Rule of Law

The government in the United Kingdom is divided into three branches—an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. The legislature, called Parliament, is divided into two houses—the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected, while members of the House of Lords are appointed. The executive consists of the Prime Minister, the leader of the majority party in Parliament, and other ministers. All ministers are a part of the Parliament; thus, all people in the executive branch are also in the legislative branch. In some cases, these officials may also serve in the judiciary. The highest judicial power in the United Kingdom is the Supreme Court, which can overturn decisions if they violate the constitutional tenets of the nation.

Based on the description provided, what is the difference between the government of the United Kingdom and the government of the United States?

• The government in the United Kingdom lacks separation of powers, which is a central aspect of government in the United States.

• Both the United Kingdom and the United States have a strong executive leader who makes decisions independent of the legislature.

• The government in the United States is a representational democracy, whereas the United Kingdom has a direct democracy.

• Both the United Kingdom and the United States have bicameral legislatures in which both houses are popularly elected.

The restriction on Johnson’s political expression is content based, since the Texas statute is not aimed at protecting the physical integrity of the flag in all circumstances, but is designed to protect it from intentional and knowing abuse that causes serious offense to others. It is therefore subject to “the most exacting scrutiny.” The Government may not prohibit the verbal or nonverbal expression of an idea merely because society finds the idea offensive or disagreeable, even where our flag is involved. Nor may a State foster its own view of the flag by prohibiting expressive conduct relating to it, since the Government may not permit designated symbols to be used to communicate a limited set of messages. Syllabus to Texas v. Johnson, (1989)

In the case of Texas v. Johnson, how did the U.S. Supreme Court protect the right of free speech?

• by ruling that national emergencies and war may not justify the restriction of speech

• by declaring that the government may not decide the intentions expressed by national emblems

• by establishing that students and adults have the same rights to free speech

• by affirming the right to trial by a jury of one′s peers, as defined by law

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.

Article One, Section 6, U.S. Constitution

What was the primary purpose of writing this clause into the U.S. Constitution?

• to maintain a clear separation of powers

• to limit the salary of government officials

• to restrict Congressional appointment powers

• to clarify responsibilities of regulatory agencies

When paying bills and organizing a budget, which item and category should be considered first?

• clothing, discretionary

• mortgage or rent, fixed

• utilities, variable

• life insurance, investment

A worker is offered a job working 30 hours a week at the rate of $10 per hour. When considering this offer, what factor should the worker consider to maintain a fiscally responsible budget?

• the worker′s ability to invest money in high-yield stocks

• the worker′s probability of receiving a tax refund at the end of the year

• the worker′s gross pay versus net pay, to determine available income

• the worker′s projected annual charitable donations