Short response practice

What time period is this?

• Imperialism

• Industrial Revolution

• Apartheid

• French Revolution

What is the historical context for this map?

• Industrialization in Great Britain led to the establishment of colonies for raw materials and markets

• Europeans wanted stuff

• Imperialism

• The British created an empire

What time period is this?

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He gave the “Tryst with Destiny” speech hours before India’s independence on August 14, 1947

to the Indian Constituent Assembly in their Parliament. ...At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity....The future beckons to us. Whither do we go and what shall be our endeavour? To bring freedom and opportunity to the common man, to the peasants and workers of India; to fight and end poverty and ignorance and disease; to build up a prosperous, democratic and progressive nation, and to create social, economic and political institutions which will ensure justice and fullness of life to every man and woman.We have hard work ahead. There is no resting for any one of us till we redeem our pledge in full, till we make all the people of India what destiny intended them to be. We are citizens of a great country on the verge of bold advance, and we have to live up to that high standard. All of us, to whatever religion we may belong, are equally the children of India with equal rights, privileges and obligations. We cannot encourage communalism or narrow-mindedness, for no nation can be great whose people are narrow in thought or in action...

Source: Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964): Speech On the Granting of Indian Independence, August 14, 1947 Reprinted in Brian McArthur, Penguin Book of Twentieth Century Speeches (London: Penguin Viking, 1992), pp. 234-237. by Prof. Arkenberg from the Fordham History Sourcebook.

• British imperialism

• Industrial Revolution

• Apartheid

• Indian independence

What is the historical context for this document?

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He gave the “Tryst with Destiny” speech hours before India’s independence on August 14, 1947

to the Indian Constituent Assembly in their Parliament. ...At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity....The future beckons to us. Whither do we go and what shall be our endeavour? To bring freedom and opportunity to the common man, to the peasants and workers of India; to fight and end poverty and ignorance and disease; to build up a prosperous, democratic and progressive nation, and to create social, economic and political institutions which will ensure justice and fullness of life to every man and woman.We have hard work ahead. There is no resting for any one of us till we redeem our pledge in full, till we make all the people of India what destiny intended them to be. We are citizens of a great country on the verge of bold advance, and we have to live up to that high standard. All of us, to whatever religion we may belong, are equally the children of India with equal rights, privileges and obligations. We cannot encourage communalism or narrow-mindedness, for no nation can be great whose people are narrow in thought or in action...

Source: Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964): Speech On the Granting of Indian Independence, August 14, 1947 Reprinted in Brian McArthur, Penguin Book of Twentieth Century Speeches (London: Penguin Viking, 1992), pp. 234-237. by Prof. Arkenberg from the Fordham History Sourcebook.

• India became independent

• Nehru is Prime Minister

• India is under imperialism

• In this speech, Nehru proclaims the new, independent country of India. Independence movements led by Gandhi and Nehru led to this moment.

What is the time period?

The people throughout China have been plunged into bitter suffering and tribulations since the Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi] Kuomintang [Guomindang] reactionary government betrayed the fatherland, colluded with imperialists, and launched the counter-revolutionary war. Fortunately our People's Liberation Army, backed by the whole nation, has been fighting heroically and selflessly to defend the territorial sovereignty of our homeland, to protect the people's lives and property, to relieve the people of their sufferings, and to struggle for their rights, and it eventually wiped out the reactionary troops and overthrew the reactionary rule of the Nationalist government. Now, the People's War of Liberation has been basically won, and the majority of the people in the country have been liberated...The Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China took office today in the capital and unanimously made the following decisions: to proclaim the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China….Mao ZedongChairmanThe Central People's Government

Source: Mao Zedong, “Proclamation of the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China,” October 1, 1949.

• Imperialism in Africa

• Chinese Civil War

• Ancient China

• Imperialism in China (spheres of influence)

What is the historical context for this speech?

The people throughout China have been plunged into bitter suffering and tribulations since the Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi] Kuomintang [Guomindang] reactionary government betrayed the fatherland, colluded with imperialists, and launched the counter-revolutionary war. Fortunately our People's Liberation Army, backed by the whole nation, has been fighting heroically and selflessly to defend the territorial sovereignty of our homeland, to protect the people's lives and property, to relieve the people of their sufferings, and to struggle for their rights, and it eventually wiped out the reactionary troops and overthrew the reactionary rule of the Nationalist government. Now, the People's War of Liberation has been basically won, and the majority of the people in the country have been liberated...The Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China took office today in the capital and unanimously made the following decisions: to proclaim the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China….Mao ZedongChairmanThe Central People's Government

Source: Mao Zedong, “Proclamation of the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China,” October 1, 1949.

• Mao is making a speech

• China had a war

• China is communist

• In this speech, China is announcing the establishment of China's communist government. He was able to become the leader and create a communist government because he led the Communists in a civil war after the fall of imperialism. He fought against the Nationalists to see who would control China.

Explain the Communist Party’s purpose for writing and popularizing the song “The East is Red.”

“The East is Red” was a song that the Communist Party popularized during the Cultural Revolution and used as the country’s unofficial national anthem. It was featured in popular theater, in film, and in schools.

“The East is Red”

The east is red, the sun is rising.

China has brought forth a Mao Zedong.

He amasses fortune for the people, Hurrah, he is the people’s great savior.

Chairman Mao loves the people, He is our guide, To build a new China, Hurrah, he leads us forward!

The Communist Party is like the sun, Wherever it shines, it is bright.

Wherever there is a Communist Party, Hurrah, there the people are liberated!

• It's catchy!

• To show that the East is Red

• To show that China is Communist

• During the Cultural Revolution, Mao wanted to make China thoroughly Communist and ensure that all citizens supported him and his Communist government. Popularizing the song is an easy way to spread the message.

What time period is this?

Select Articles from the Treaty of Versailles

Article 159The German military forces shall be demobilised and reduced as prescribed hereinafter.

Article 231The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

Article 232...The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and Germany undertakes, that she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian populations of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each as an Allied or Associated Power against Germany by such aggression by land, by sea and from the air, and in general all damage as defined in Annex 1 hereto...

• World War II

• Haitian Revolution

• World War I

• French Revolution

Explain the historical circumstances that led to the development of the Treaty of Versailles.

Select Articles from the Treaty of Versailles

Article 159The German military forces shall be demobilised and reduced as prescribed hereinafter.

Article 231The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

Article 232...The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and Germany undertakes, that she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian populations of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each as an Allied or Associated Power against Germany by such aggression by land, by sea and from the air, and in general all damage as defined in Annex 1 hereto...

• World War II

• the Allies forced Germany to demilitarize, to accept responsibility for the war, and to pay reparations

• World War I was fought in Europe between the Allies and the Central Powers between 1914 and 1918. Its end led to the writing of the Treaty of Versailles

• rise of Nazism and Adolf Hitler

What time period was this?

• Indian independence

• Sepoy Rebellion

• Imperialism in India and nonviolent protests against it