AP Psych Unit 2 Research Methods

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

• Confirmation Bias

• Overconfidence

• Hindsight Bias

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

• theory

• hypothesis

• independent variable

• operational definition

A testable prediction:

• Theory

• hypothesis

• independent variable

• operational definition

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study:

• theory

• hypothesis

• independent variable

• operational definition

Repeating the essence of a research study to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced:

• Theory

• hypothesis

• replication

• dependent variable

A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles:

• replication

• naturalistic observation

• survey

• case study

A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation:

• replication

• survey

• case study

• naturalistic observation

Descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative random sample of the group:

• naturalistic observation

• survey

• case study

• experiment

A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample:

• random sample

• survey

• naturalistic observation

• sampling bias

All those in a group being studied from which a sample may be drawn:

• random sample

• sampling bias

• population