Russia - AoS 2 - Crisis of 1921 & NEP

Which of the following best describes the Tambov Uprising of 1921?

• A mutiny by sailors who were angered by the betrayal of the original ideals of the revolution

• A peasant rebellion caused by anger with the repressive policies of War Communism

• A Cossack uprising which sought to achieve independence from Russian rule

• A peasant rebellion which sought to restore the Constituent Assembly

Which of the following was not one of the demands made by Alexandra Kollontai’s Workers’ Opposition in 1921?

• Expel all peasants from the Communist Party to ensure it was a truly proletarian organisation

• Restore the Constituent Assembly

• Restore independent workers’ committees and trade unions

• End to the unpopular policies of War Communism

Which of the following best describes the causes of the Kronstadt Mutiny in March 1921?

• Anger over the dismissal of the Constituent Assembly and establishment of a Soviet Government

• Anger at being forced to eat maggot-infested meat by their officers

• Disillusionment because the Bolsheviks had abandoned many of the original democratic and socialist ideals of the revolution

• Anger over the use of violence against peaceful demonstrators in Petrograd

What were the main demands of the Kronstadt Revolt?

• the return of the rights of labour and the removal of the Bolshevik single-party state

• stronger measures to defeat the White armies and Allied armies and to win the Civil War

• stricter punishment of former tsarist ministers and officers who had fought against the Reds in the Civil War

• the elimination of rival socialist parties such as the Mensheviks and the SRs

Which of the following was not an outcome of the Kronstadt Mutiny?

• The mutineers were summarily executed by the Cheka or sent to concentration camps

• The mutiny helped convince Lenin to abandon the unpopular policies of War Communism

• The mutiny made the Soviet Government appear weak

• The mutiny was crushed by 50,000 Red Army soldiers on the night of 15-16 March 1921

Which of the following best describes Lenin’s resolution ‘On Unity’, passed at the 10th Party Congress in March 1921?

• Merged the Communist parties of the different republics into the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU)

• Banned ‘factions’ within the Communist Party and ordered the purge of members who disagreed with the party leadership

• United the original four Communist republics into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

• Appealed to all socialist parties to unite in order to meet the threat of the White armies

Which of the following best describes Lenin’s decision to abandon War Communism and introduce the capitalist New Economic Policy (NEP) in March 1921?

• War Communism proved deeply unpopular with the Bolshevik Party, who wanted Lenin to adopt genuine communist policies

• Lenin saw the NEP as a way to complete Russia’s capitalist development, which he saw as a prerequisite to achieving true Communism

• Lenin never intended War Communism to be permanent, and always planned to return to capitalism after the Civil War was over

• War Communism alienated peasants and workers, and destroyed the economy, so the NEP was needed to gradually repair trust and production

Which of the following best describes the nature of the New Economic Policy (NEP), introduced in March 1921?

• A limited restoration of capitalism, with heavy industry remaining under government control

• A limited restoration of capitalism, but with the use of ration cards instead of cash

• A wartime economy, where all factories and trade were controlled by the government

• A complete restoration of capitalism and free trade in all sectors of the economy

Which of the following was not one of the economic consequences of the New Economic Policy (NEP) between 1921 and 1927?

• Industrial output recovered to pre-war levels by 1926

• Agricultural prices collapsed, while industrial prices rose (the ‘Scissors Crisis’)

• Agricultural output recovered to pre-war levels by 1927

• There was severe inflation, with prices rising 400% from pre-war levels

Which of the following best describes why many Bolsheviks were unhappy with the New Economic Policy (NEP), introduced in March 1921?

• It was seen as a betrayal of the ideals of socialism and proletarian revolution

• It was an economic failure which did not improve production levels

• It was seen as undermining the alliance between the peasants and proletariat

• It made the party appear weak by giving in to the demands of peasants