Cell Differentiation & Specialization

What is cell differentiation?

• The process where unspecialized cells become different in structure and function.

• When DNA controls the cell cycle.

• The ability of cells to make more cells.

• The ability of cells to maintain homeostasis.

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Which is true about Embryonic Stem Cells.

• They no longer grow, their cell type is set and can not change

• They are limited to the type of cell they can become

• They can become any cell type in the body

• They are found in adults

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Cells that have the ability to become any type of specialized cell in the body are called:

• cell membranes

• stem cells

• nerve cells

• cardiac cells

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The diagram shows the process of cell specialization from a single stem cell. Which of the following statements is true about the process of specialization.

• Specilized cells (blood, skin, nervous etc) cannot be produced from a single stem cell

• Specilized cells are produced immediately following fertilization

• Even though all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they can specialize into different cell types

• Since all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they must all have the same structure and function

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What is one goal of cellular differentiation/specialization?

• To create specialized cells to help organism maintain homeostasis.

• To form many of the same cells.

• To make stem cells

• to make single celled organisms

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This type of cell sends messages throughout the body in the form of electrical impulse.

• nerve cell
• sperm cell
• muscle cell
• skin cell

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This type of cell is found in males and is responsible for reproduction.

• sperm cell
• egg cell
• muscle cell
• nerve cell

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This type of cell fights infection.

• red blood cell
• platelet
• white blood cell
• antibacterial cell

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In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

• The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes
• The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on and turned off in each cell
• The DNA is different, but the same genes are turned on and off in each cell
• The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes

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This type of cell carries oxygen throughout the body.

• gamete
• platelet
• white blood cell
• red blood cell