Ch. 14.5 Drug Resistance

Which of the following factors can accelerate the evolution of drug resistance?

• A. Proper use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics

• B. patient noncompliance with recommended course of treatment

• C. subtherapeutic dosing

• D. A and B only

• E. B and C only

This mechanism for drug resistance removes antibiotics through active transport.

• Blocked penetration

• target modification

• inactivation of enzymes

• efflux pump

An enzyme present in a bacterium cleaves off a carbon ring from an antibiotic stopping its action. Which below best identifies this process?

• efflux pump

• blocked penetration

• inactivation of enzymes

• target modification

The picture here shows which process by which a bacterium becomes resistant to antibiotics. Hint: the ribosome receptor is being altered.

• target modification

• efflux pump

• protein synthesis disruption

• enzymatic bypass

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces a protein with regular pentapeptide repeats that presents like DNA. This protein binds fluoroquinolones, sequestering them and keeping them from binding to nucleoid DNA. What is this an example of?

• target overproduction

• enzymatic bypass

• Target modification

• target mimicry

Which of the following is false of MDR microbes?

• They are known as superbugs.

• They are only resistant to one antimicrobial drug

• They are responsible for 2 million infections in the US annually.

• They have been dubbed as the ESKAPE pathogens.

Concentrated animal feeding operations has brought about environmental issues such as contamination of water and air. They are also responsible for increasing antibiotic resistance in humans. Why?

• A. antibiotics used on the animals are structurally related to drugs for humans.

• B. Bioaccumulation of the drugs from eating the animals.

• C. Indirect movement of genes from the animal bacteria to human bacteria via proximity and conjugation and transformation.

• D. all of the above

• E. A and B only

I overproduce an enzyme an antibiotic inhibits. Now I have a sufficient amount of antimicrobial-free enzyme to carry out the proper enzymatic reactions. What am I doing here to become antibiotic resistant?

• drug modification and inactivation

• target mimicry

• enzymatic bypass

• target overproduction