Unit 2: Westward Expansion & Industrialization Review

How did the Industrial Revolution alter the overall identity of the United States by the late 1800s?

• U.S. evolved from an agrarian society to an industrial based society.

• U.S. evolved from an industrial society to an agrarian society.

• It caused immigrants in the U.S. to outnumber native born Americans and changed our values.

• It caused the Union to win the war against the South, ending slavery forever.

Mining and the mining industry, the cattle ranching industry, and the farming industry while all different, all share what positive effect regarding settlement of the West?

• Caused a decline in the quantity of goods/products available to Americans in the East.

• Increased the population in new areas of states/created entirely new states.

• Limited expansion in the west and land ownership.

• All 3 industries helped defeat Mexico in the Mexican American War

The growth and success of mining and cattle ranching would not have been possible without what other industry?

• Railroads

• Industrialization

• Urbanization

• Immigration

All of the following are causes of the second Industrial Revolution, EXCEPT?

• Abundance of natural resources

• population growth

• innovation/technology

• expansion of the railroads

How did Western Expansion and settlement of the West help to further the Industrial Revolution?

• It led to environmental destruction and degradation.

• It led to the location and extraction of an increasing amount of natural resources (e.g. timber) that “fueled” the Industrial Revolution.

• It resulted in many Americans having the opportunity to acquire the “American Dream”: home ownership.

• It resulted in the construction of new steel mills and factories in previously uninhabited areas of the West (e.g. Montana).

Two of the advantages of a corporation that made it so appealing included

• Economies of scale and monopolization.

• Stability of Operation and partnerships.

• Economies of scale and position of strength in the marketplace.

• Position of strength in the marketplace and stock dividends.

While many immigrants came to this country to partake in the economic opportunities and wealth available, they also came for a variety of other reasons. One of those reasons was

• to escape religious persecution.

• to acquire lower paying jobs.

• to become part of the new American increasingly urban social class (i.e. working class).

• to join the U.S. military.

All of the following were causes of rapid urbanization with the exception of

• The number of Immigrants in U.S. cities rose dramatically due to the fact that most could not leave cities due to lack of money and a lack of education.

• The construction of tenement houses allowed more people to pool their resources in order to live in the city

• Rural Americans were drawn to the urban areas due to the low cost of living as well as the affordable real estate prices.

• Rural Americans came to the cities searching for more job opportunities and better pay.

American ideal remained, defined as the belief that no matter how humble a person’s origins, he/she could rise in society and go as far as their talents and commitment took them. This basic American ideal was known as

• Social Darwinism

• Naturalism

• Individualism

• Reform Darwinism

In 1873, author Mark Twain would come to refer to the Industrial Revolution as the “Gilded Age”. The Term “Gilded Age” was used by Twain to

• Describe the perceptions held by immigrants of the United States as they arrived during the latter half of the 19^th century.

• Describe the United States & American society as appearing to be great on outside, but inside there was corruption, poverty, crime, and huge gap b/t rich and poor.

• Emphasize the vast wealth and limitless opportunity one found in the new industrialized United States.

• Explain that society evolved through natural selection and competition (i.e. only fittest and/or most adaptable people survived ultimately making society better).