Piaget and Erikson

Piaget's (1936) theory of cognitive development explains how a child constructs what type of model of the world?

• Physical

• Mental

• Auditory

• Imaginative

What are basic building blocks of intelligent behavior; useful to think of as “units” of knowledge, each relating to one aspect of the world, including objects, actions, and abstract concepts?

• Schemas

• Scaffolding

• Assimilation

• Wooden

What level of Piaget’s Adaptation Model uses an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation?

• Assimilation

• Accommodation

• Equilibrium

• Disequilibrium

What happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation?

• Assimilation

• Accommodation

• Equilibrium

• Disequilibrium

What is the force which moves development along; Piaget believed that cognitive development did not progress at a steady rate, but rather in leaps and bounds

• Assimilation

• Accommodation

• Equilibrium

• Disequilibrium

The main achievement during this stage is object permanence - knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden. It requires the ability to form a mental representation (i.e., a schema) of the object

• Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs)

• Preoperational Stage (2-6 years)

• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

• Formal Operational Stage (11 years and over)

During this stage, young children can think about things symbolically. This is the ability to make one thing - a word or an object - stand for something other than itself. Thinking is still egocentric, and the infant has difficulty taking the viewpoint of others:

• Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs)

• Preoperational Stage (2-6 years

• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

• Formal Operational Stage (11 years and over)

Major turning point in the child's cognitive development because it marks the beginning of logical or operational thought. Child can work things out in their head. Children can conserve; Conservation is the understanding that something stays the same in quantity even though its appearance changes:

• Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs)

• Preoperational Stage (2-6 years)

• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

• Formal Operational Stage (11 years and over)

During this stage, people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts, and logically test hypotheses.

• Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs)

• Preoperational Stage (2-6 years)

• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

• Formal Operational Stage (11 years and over)

Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through how many stages?

• 6

• 7

• 8

• 9