Cell Differentiation Practice

Which of the following is identical in a skin cell and a muscle cell from the same individual?

• cellular shape

• amount of ATP

• genetic material

• cell function

While all of the cells in an individual are derived from a single cell, they can differentiate to take on many different types of structure and function. Cells can become specialized because –

• mutations can alter the molecular structure of cell membranes

• each cell expresses a different combination of genes

• scientists have discovered how to alter the DNA sequences of humans

• different cells utilize various forms of RNA nucleotides

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The cells within a multicellular organism contain the same set of DNA, but two cells might produce a very different set of proteins. How is this possible?

• Cells can have different sets of mRNA molecules because different genes are expressed

• Different cells produce different proteins based on the amino acids they can absorb

• Ribosomes translate mRNA strands differently depending on the type of cell they are in

• Viral infections can alter the way eukaryotic cells translate their genes into proteins.

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Stem cells can replace specialized cells within damaged tissue. Once they are in place, stem cells receive chemical signals which activate the appropriate set of genes. This demonstrates that which of the following plays a role in cell differentiation?

• radiation

• environment

• antibodies

• blood type

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Bone cells are different than brain cells because bone cells –

• do not undergo cell division

• cannot maintain homeostasis

• contain charged ions

• express different genes

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Muscle cells require large amounts of energy. This explains why muscle cells contain a greater than average number of –

• nuclei

• mitochondria

• vacuoles

• lysosomes

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Male gamete cells known as sperm are specialized to be highly mobile. Which of the following organelles increases the motility of these specialized cells?

• flagella

• Golgi bodies

• chloroplasts

• vesicles

In a plant, cells which contain the largest number of chloroplasts are most likely specialized to perform which of the following functions?

• distribute water

• capture prey

• absorb light

• release heat

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Some cells are specialized to store large amounts of water and nutrients for the organism’s later use. Which of the following organelles would be prevalent in these cells?

• vacuoles

• Golgi bodies

• mitochondria

• centrioles

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Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that engulf invading bacteria and break them apart with digestive enzymes. Neutrophils are likely to contain large numbers of -

• chloroplasts

• lysosomes

• flagella

• Golgi bodies