4B Cell Processes

A type of cellular transport is shown. Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?

• active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

• facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses to produces during a cellular process. Which other molecule is a product of this process?

• DNA

• RNA

• C₆H₁₂O₆

• ATP

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In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise. Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?

• the water concentration in the blood increases

• body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended

• muscle cells increase in temperature and require fluid to reduce the temperature

• an increase in muscle activity causes increases in glucose levels in red blood cells

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The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process. Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?

• delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis

• exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells

• extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell

• transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell

When mammals get an infection, their internal body temperature often rises 2 to 3 degrees Celsius. The body gets the energy it needs to react to an infection by -

• increasing the rate of cellular division

• decreasing the rate of glucose movement into the cell

• increasing the rate of cellular respiration in mitochondria

• decreasing the rate at which carbon dioxide is removed from the cell

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Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?

• Wax

• Nucleic acid

• Glucose

• Chlorophyll

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The picture shows a contractile vacuole of a unicellular freshwater organism. The contractile vacuole regulates the flow of water into and out of the cell in an aquatic environment. What conditions cause the contractile vacuole to fill with water?

• the concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell

• the temperature of water in the vacuole is higher than the temperature of its environment

• the concentration of water inside the cell is the same as the concentration outside the cell

• the temperature of water in the vacuole is lower than the temperature of its environment

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In the early 1900's a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of proteins in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940's scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was this newly identified molecule?

• a gene

• mRNA

• ATP

• thymine

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This diagram shows cellular activity across a cell membrane. Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?

• energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules

• synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis

• transport of molecules and energy conversions

• homeostasis and transport of molecules

Cells can generate as many as 36 to 38 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose. Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production?

• anaerobic cellular respiration

• protein synthesis

• aerobic cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

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