Unit Assessment 3.32 Review

When an athlete is nearing the end of a race and her cells are low on oxygen, which of the following is likely to occur in her cells so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP?

• DNA synthesis

• protein synthesis

• fermentation

• cell-to-cell communication

Which statement is correct about the Krebs cycle?

• In the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide is used to make glucose.

• Oxygen is a waste product of the Krebs cycle.

• The Krebs cycle produces electron carriers for the electron transport chain.

• Acetyl-CoA combines with pyruvic acid to make glucose in the Krebs cycle.

During the electron transport chain, which process leads to the production of large amounts of ATP?

• NADH combines with FADH ₂ to produce large amounts of ATP.

• Energy carriers release carbon dioxide that flows through the mitochondrial membrane.

• Water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen ions to produce ATP.

• High-energy electrons pump hydrogen ions against the concentration gradient.

Vegetable farmers often plant soybeans every few years. Rotating crops breaks up the life cycles of many insect pests, and the soybean plants provide the soil with nitrogen. Other crop plants need the nitrogen to grow well. A field of soybean seeds has been planted on a farm in Indiana. As soon as the first leaves emerge from the seed, photosynthesis begins.

Which substance is the chemical food source for the soybean plants?

• water

• sunlight

• carbon dioxide

• glucose

A soybean plant uses cellular respiration to generate usable chemical energy, released within the cell as molecules of what substance?

• glucose

• carbon dioxide

• ATP

• chlorophyll

Which of the following is the main function of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

• to produce oxygen

• to use up excess carbon dioxide

• to use up water

• to produce glucose

Which of the following is the main function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• to convert carbon dioxide into water

• to produce ATP and NADPH for the light-independent reactions

• to release oxygen into the atmosphere

• to break down glucose into pyruvic acid

How may a gene be defined?

• a complete protein

• a part of the cell membrane

• a segment of a protein

• a segment of DNA

Even though scorpions are related to spiders, there are many differences between the two organisms. One difference is that scorpion young do not hatch from eggs as spiders do. Scorpions are born live, two at a time, and they immediately crawl onto the mother's back for protection and care. They remain there for 2 weeks as they grow big enough to take care of themselves.

As baby scorpions grow larger, which process occurs in their body (somatic) cells?

• Meiosis splits the chromosome numbers by four.

• Meiosis produces all of the new body cells.

• Mitosis separates one cell into four cells.

• Mitosis makes copies of the cell nuclei.

Even though scorpions are related to spiders, there are many differences between the two organisms. One difference is that scorpion young do not hatch from eggs as spiders do. Scorpions are born live, two at a time, and they immediately crawl onto the mother's back for protection and care. They remain there for 2 weeks as they grow big enough to take care of themselves.

Baby scorpions are born with fully developed bodies, each with many special parts such as a stinging tail. Which process enables baby scorpions to develop various kinds of body parts from a single zygote?

• cell breakdown

• cell differentiation

• reproduction

• meiosis