Cells, Organelles, and Biochemistry

Nutrition describes the process by which organisms

• remove cellular waste products

• obtain and process materials needed for life activities

• exchange gases with their environment

• absorb and circulate materials

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Increased concern over the number of heat-related illnesses among football players has led to a possible

change in uniform design. Shoulder pads were designed that constantly blew cool, dry air underneath the shoulder pads. Tests showed that the use of the device during rest and recovery periods resulted in a reduction of body temperature and heart rate. This new device would help the athlete to

• control the rate of muscle activity

• increase muscle strength

• maintain homeostasis

• eliminate the release of heat from the body

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The process that removes metabolic waste products from an organism is known as

• egestion

• secretion

• excretion

• oxidation

After eating a meal, blood sugar levels are elevated. The body secretes hormones to help absorb excess sugar into cells and return blood sugar levels to normal. This is an example of

• excretion

• reproduction

• synthesis

• regulation

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Which life function is not necessary for an individual organism to stay alive?

• nutrition

• reproduction

• regulation

• synthesis

Organic compounds are used as building blocks for

• water, DNA, and starches

• water, proteins, and oxygen

• proteins, DNA, and carbon dioxide

• proteins, starches, and fats

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Wildflowers grow and reproduce during the spring snowmelt in the desert region of Death Valley, California. Which environmental factor would most likely have the greatest influence on these activities?

• percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere

• number of plant species in the area

• variety of scavengers in the ecosystem

• amount of time that water is present

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Which statement best describes enzymes?

• Every enzyme controls many different reactions

• The rate of activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes

• Temperature changes do not effect enzymes

• Enzymes are produced from the building blocks

  of carbohydrates

An energy-rich organic compound needed by organisms is

• water

• salt

• oxygen

• glucose

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What are the building blocks of lipids?

• glucose

• amino acids

• fatty acids and glycerol

• nucleic acids