Evolution Review

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?

• Fossils show that ancient species share SOME similarities with current species.

• Nonsense--fossils do NOT show evidence of evolution.

• Fossils are the ONLY source of evidence of natural selection.

• Fossils show that ALL species have remained unchanged for millions of years.

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Lamarck’s theory of evolution includes the concept that new traits appear because

• the population gets bigger

• individual organisms acquire new traits in their lifetimes

• the environment is unchanged

• the natural variations are present within a population

Darwin is credited with the idea that

• Organisms choose to adapt

• organisms could pass on acquired traits

• natural selection is the mechanism for evolution

• fossils are the remains of extinct organisms

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According to the theory of natural selection, some individuals are more likely than others to survive and reproduce because they

• pass on to their offspring their new acquired traits

• are better adapted to their environment than others and will pass on those adaptions to future offspring

• do not pass on newly acquired traits

• produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment

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Darwin's theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of

• natural selection and natural variation

• use and disuse

• the tendency toward perfect, unchanging species

• the transmission of acquired characteristics

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What term is used to refer to structures in organisms that have a similar origin or ancestry even though they may be very different in physical appearance?

• analogous

• homologous

• genes

• fossils

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In humans, the pelvis and the femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are present, are no longer used for walking, and are therefore considered:

• homologous structures

• vestigial structures

• analogous structures

• examples of natural selection

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Flying squirrels and sugar gliders look very similar and are adapted to living in similar environments; however, they are NOT related. What type of evolution does this represent?

• Punctuated equilibrium

• homologous structures

• convergent evolution

• gradualism

Within 10 years of the introduction of a new pesticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target insects are resistant to the usual-sized dose. What is the best explanation for this change?

• Insects that were not killed by the pesticide must have had a mutation that made them resistant to it. This allowed them to pass on the resistance to their offspring.

• Exposure to the pesticide caused the insects to become less resistant to it.

• Exposure to the pesticide destroyed the insects, allowing them to live longer.

• Exposure to the pesticide had no effect.

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Features that result from similar environmental pressures by natural selection but that are very different in internal construction and have NO common ancestral connection are called:

• Vestigial

• Homologous

• Analogous

• Comparative