Psychology Quiz - Learning

Items or events that when following a response will strengthen it.

• Reinforcement

• Punishment

The reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable consequence. Such as a reward or a pat on the back.

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

Following a response with the removal or escape from something unpleasant will increase the likelihood of that response being repeated.

• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Reinforcement

When a reinforcer is receiver after a certain amount of time has passed, such as receiving a paycheck every other week.

• Fixed Interval Schedule of Reinforcement

• Variable Interval Schedule of Reinforcement

When the number of responses required to receive each reinforcer will always be the same number, like having a punch card and being able to redeem it for a free coffee after 10 purchases.

• Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

• Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

When the number of responses changes from one trial to the next, such as slot machines. People don’t know how many times they have to play before they will win – it could be two times, it could be a hundred.

• Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

• Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

Any event or stimulus that, when following a response, causes that response to be less likely to happen again.

• Punishment

• Reinforcement

Occurs when something unpleasant (such as spanking, scolding, etc.) is added to the situation or applied.

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Punishment

When small steps toward some ultimate goal are reinforced until the goal itself is reached. Example: When trying to train a dog to roll over, giving him a treat when he lay down.

• Shaping

• Punishment

• Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

• Variable Interval Schedule of Reinforcement

Learning to make an involuntary response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the response.

• Classical Conditioning

• Operant Conditioning