Cells Organelle & Protein Synthesis

Proteins play a vital role in all cells. In fact, cells need thousands of proteins in order to function properly. What primarily directs the synthesis of proteins?

• the cytoplasm found throughout a cell

• the folding patterns of strands of RNA

• the energy that is stored in mitochondria

• the genetic information stored in DNA

Ribosomes create, or synthesize, proteins through the use of DNA and RNA. Which of these is a step in protein synthesis?

• The ribosome moves down the mRNA strand from one codon to the next as the tRNA brings each corresponding amino acid.

• When the ribosome reads the last mRNA codon, it signals the end of translation.

• The ribosome starts decoding when it attaches to the mRNA.

• all of these

Which of the following cell organelles contains instructions for making proteins?

• vacuole

• cell membrane

• lysosome

• nucleus

Which of the following best describes the product of DNA transcription?

• a protein

• a DNA molecule

• a chromosome

• an RNA molecule

In eukaryotic organisms, DNA transcription occurs in the _______ of a cell.

• mitochondria

• nucleus

• ribosome

• cytoplasm

During a stage of protein synthesis, codons in mRNA molecules are used to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains. What is this process called?

• gene expression

• codification

• transcription

• translation

Which of the following best describes the product of RNA translation?

• a protein

• a chromosome

• a DNA molecule

• an RNA molecule

Which of the following statements correctly describe the function and location of ribosomes within a cell?

I.RIbosomes are able to perform photosynthesis.

II.Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.III.Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm of the cell.

IV.Ribosomes are able to regulate the cell's fluid levels.

V.Ribosomes are located on the endoplasmic reticulum.

• I and V only

• I, II, III, IV, and V

• II, III, and V only

• III and IV only

DNA is stored in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In order for the proteins coded by the DNA to be produced, the DNA must first be transcribed into RNA. The RNA produced by transcription leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. Once in the cytoplasm, it can then attach to a ribosome and be translated into a protein made up of chains of amino acids. Based on the information, which of the following is true about the process in which the genetic code stored in DNA is used to produce protein products?

• This process requires the interaction of several different cellular structures.

• This process occurs only in embryonic cells directly after fertilization.

• This process only occurs in animal cells because it requires the presence of ribosomes.

• This process does not require an input of energy because it is semi-conservative.

Which statement best describes how the nucleus, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes interact during protein synthesis?

• The nucleus gathers amino acids and delivers them to the ribosomes, where they are processed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum to synthesize proteins.

• The nucleus provides the genetic information needed to direct the synthesis of proteins by ribosomes that are located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

• The ribosomes gather amino acids and deliver them to the nucleus, where they are processed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum to synthesize proteins.

• The ribosomes provide the genetic information needed to direct the synthesis of proteins by the rough endoplasmic reticulum that is located on the nucleus.