Unit 4 Review

Ocean ecosystems act as a carbon sink removing atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is dissolved in the seawater. Which biological process would then utilize this dissolved carbon dioxide? Choose the CORRECT answer.

• photosynthesis by oceanic fish

• photosynthesis by phytoplankton

• aerobic respiration by marine mammals

• anaerobic respiration by marine protozoa

Brenda ran a 5 km race. During the race, she began to breathe heavily, and some of her muscles began to burn. Which of these explains why Brenda felt a burning in her muscles during the race? Choose the CORRECT answer.

• The cells did not have enough oxygen, so they used fermentation as a source of energy.

• The cells did not have enough glucose, so they used fermentation as a source of energy.

• The cells had too much glucose, so they used aerobic respiration as a source of energy.

• The cells had too much carbon dioxide, so they used aerobic respiration as a source of energy.

Which best details the movement of energy through aerobic cellular respiration? Choose the CORRECT answer.

• Energy in the form of heat is absorbed as chemical potential energy is transferred from oxygen molecules to ATP molecules.

• Energy in the form of heat is released as chemical potential energy is transferred from oxygen molecules to ATP molecules.

• Energy in the form of heat is released as chemical potential energy is transferred from glucose molecules to ATP molecules.

• Energy in the form of heat is absorbed as chemical potential energy is transferred from ATP molecules to glucose molecules.

Alicia is developing a model of photosynthesis and respiration. Part of her model includes the inputs and outputs of each process. Which of these describes inputs and outputs of Alicia’s model? Choose the CORRECT answer.

• Water is an input for both respiration and for photosynthesis.

• Oxygen is an output for both respiration and for photosynthesis.

• Glucose is an input for respiration and an output for photosynthesis.

• Carbon dioxide is an input for respiration and an output for photosynthesis.

This incomplete diagram shows carbon cycling through the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.

How should the diagram be completed in order to demonstrate the flow of carbon in the system? Choose the CORRECT answer.

• Arrow 2 should point toward the biosphere, and arrow 3 should point toward the atmosphere.

• Arrow 2 should point toward the atmosphere, and arrow 3 should point toward the atmosphere.

• Arrow 2 should point toward the biosphere, and arrow 3 should point toward people and animals.

• Arrow 2 should point toward the atmosphere, and arrow 3 should point toward people and animals.

The primary productivity of an ecosystem is defined by the rate at which the producers in the ecosystem can convert inorganic substances to organic substances in the form of biomass. The graph shows the primary productivity of four different biomes in grams per square meter per year (g/m2/y).

Which statement explains the data presented in the graph? Choose the CORRECT answer.

• There is more assimilation occurring in the tropical rainforest than in the savanna.

• There is more denitrification occurring in the tundra than in the tropical rainforest.

• There is more assimilation occurring in the savanna than in the temperate deciduous forest.

• There is more denitrification occurring in the temperate deciduous forest than in the savanna.

The model shows the one-way flow of energy through a series of trophic levels in the food chain.

Which mathematical relationship best describes the trends shown in the model? Choose the CORRECT answer.

• energy at lower trophic level = 0.1 x energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 0.15 x energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 10 x energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 15 x energy at next trophic level

In eukaryotic organisms, cellular respiration occurs in which organelle?

• chloroplasts

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• cytoplasm