Ch. 7 Classical Conditioning

________________is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice?

• Learning

• Adaptation

• Memory enhancement

• Muscle memory

• Reinforcement

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was?

• Skinner

• Tolman

• Kohler

• Pavlov

• Watson

Which of the following correctly describes the process of classical conditioning?

• Pairing a stimulus that naturally causes a certain response with a second stimulus that naturally causes the same response

• Pairing a stimulus that naturally causes a certain response with a second stimulus that does not naturally cause a response

• Presenting a pleasurable stimulus after the occurrence of a specific response

• Presenting an unpleasant stimulus after the occurrence of a specific response

• Presenting an unpleasant stimulus after the performance of a naturally occurring response

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a/an?

• Unconditioned response

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Conditioned response

• Conditioned stimulus

• Neutral stimulus

Judy would sometimes discipline her puppy by swatting its nose with a rolled-up newspaper. One day she brought the newspaper into the house still rolled up, and her puppy ran from her in fear. By pairing that rolled up paper with the swat, Judy's puppy had developed a(n)_____________ response to the rolled-up paper.

• Generalized

• Scheduled

• Unconditioned

• Discriminative

• Conditioned

You decide you want to try to classically condition your pet dog. What is the correct order that you should use to present the stimuli to your dog.

• Unconditioned stimulus-neutral stimulus

• Neutral stimulus-neutral stimulus

• Neutral stimulus-unconditioned stimulus

• Present the unconditioned stimulus only

• Present the neutral stimulus only

After you successfully classically conditioned your pet dog, you repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus without ever pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus. Over time, your dog stops performing the conditioned response. What has happened?

• Extinction

• Spontaneous recovery

• Generalization

• Stimulus discrimination

• Higher-order conditioning

John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the ___________________in their study.

• Discriminative stimulus

• Counter conditioning stimulus

• Conditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Extinguished stimulus

Pavlov discovered classical conditioning through his study of?

• Cats escaping from a puzzle box

• Primate research into problem solving

• Digestive secretions in dogs

• Lever pressing responses of rats

• Dogs experiencing electric shocks

Television advertisers have taken advantage of the fact that most people experience positive emotions when they see an attractive, smiling person. This association is an example of ?

• Operant conditioning

• Learned helplessness

• Negative reinforecement

• Punishment

• A conditioned emotional response