Case that established the principle of one man, one vote. This decision created guidelines for apportionment, drawing up congressional districts to guarantee a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state. - The case also decided the Supreme Court had jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment.

• Brown v Board

• Baker v Carr

• Engel v Vitale

• Tinker v Des Moines

The "separate but equal" doctrine as it applies to public education is unconstitutional; separate schools are inherently unequal. The court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. The question before the court was if it was okay to have schools based on race, that were not equal. It integrated schools.

• Brown v Board

• Baker v Carr

• Engel v Vitale

• Tinker v Des Moines

A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent political expenditures by corporations and unions.

• Roe v Wade

• Citizens United v FEC

• US v Lopez

• Shaw v Reno

A state authorized students in its public schools to recite a short, voluntary prayer. The Court found that prayer could not be mandated by public schools as it violated the establishment clause of the 1st Amendment

• Engel v Vitale

• Schenck v US

• Wisconsin v Yoder

• Shaw v Reno

The Court ruled that in state trials, those who cannot afford an attorney will have one provided by the state, overturning Betts v. Brady. The question before the court was about Sovereignty immunity.

• Schenck v US

• Gideon v Wainwright

• Roe v Wade

• Shaw v Reno

The court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review.

• McCulloch v Maryland

• Schenck v US

• Brown v Board

• Marbury v Madison

The courts ruled that the states could not tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; federal government is supreme to the states (supremacy clause); confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States (elastic clause).

• Gideon v Wainwright

• Wisconsin v Yoder

• McCulloch v Maryland

• Baker v Carr

A landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that determined whether the Second Amendment applies to the individual states. The Court held that the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the Second Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and applies to the states. The decision cleared up the uncertainty left in the wake of District of Columbia v. Heller as to the scope of gun rights in regard to the states.

• McDonald v Chicago

• Citizens United v FEC

• US v Lopez

• Shaw v Reno

The Court reaffirmed its position of prior restraint, refusing to stop the publication of the Pentagon Papers. The question before the court was about publishing work, it was tied into the freedom of speech.

• Wisconsin v Yoder

• Roe v Wade

• US v Lopez

• New York Times v US

Women have an absolute right to an abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy based on a constitutionally protected right of privacy, the state can impose restrictions in the second and third trimesters. The question before the court was if women got the right to choose to abort their pregnancy or not.

• Brown v Board

• Schenck v US

• Wisconsin v Yoder

• Roe v Wade