HL Memory in the digital world

Transactive memory can best be defined as

• Numerical memories - that is, memories based on data.

• Memories that are formed by interacting with other people.

• When people in relationships have a division of labor with specific role with regard to the encoding, storage and retrieval of information from different knowledge domains.

• Memories that are less stable than flashbulb memory; they are the memories that are most open to distortion.

When we base our beliefs on a limited set of research which aligns with our own thinking, this is called

• Publication bias

• Observation bias

• The Fundamental Attribution Error

• Confirmation bias

One of the concerns with Sparrow's research on the effect of Internet searches on memory formation is

• The small sample size and the problem of participant variability

• Trivia questions may not be representative of most of the information that we remember

• There was no way to actually measure the level of effort employed in memorizing the trivia statements.

• All of the answers are correct.

What is meant when we say that Sparrow used a 2 x 2 independent samples design?

• There were two conditions; in each condition there were two independent variables that were manipulated.

• There were two groups that each underwent two conditions.

• There was one group that was asked to go through two conditions two times.

• There were two groups that each had one independent variable - and then the groups swapped conditions.

The results of Sparrow et al's (2011) follow up study showed that

• Participants remembered the trivia information but struggled to remember the location of the information.

• Participants remembered the location of the trivia information better than the trivia information itself.

• People demonstrated more effort to remember the trivia when they knew where it was located.

• There was no significant difference between the trivia information remembered and the location of the information.

Which of the following is a not a limitation of the Storm et al study on the use of Google searches?

• There was no control group.

• There was sampling bias - as all of the participants were university students.

• The studies results could be due to participant variability; the sample was small with only 20 particpants in each condition.

• The study tested the participants immediately after the first phase with a very similar task; the study does not let us know the long term effects of Google searching.