AP Bio Chapter 1

Organisms belonging to the same _____ would be the most closely related.

• phylum

• family

• class

• order

Which of the following sequences of organization is likely to be seen in a multicellular organism, going from smallest to largest?

• cell, organ, tissue, organism

• cell, organ, organ system, tissue

• cell, tissue, organ system, organism

• organism, organ system, organ, tissue

Studying a brick does not predict the design of a skyscraper. Intense examination of muscle tissue does not allow you to predict the design of a kangaroo or clam. The structure of chlorophyll does not dictate the unique structure of a tree. This is because new properties show themselves at different levels or organization. These cases demonstrate

• essential properties of life

• determinism, or how all phenomena are predictable effects of causes

• emergent properties that are easily predicted by examining their parts

• emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts

Which of the following organisms is ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy?

• a night-blooming flower is pollinated by night-flying bats

• an underground earthworm burrows into the soil

• a cave fish feeds on debris that washes down to it

• all of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun

Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions that occur in living cells, and we are accustomed to living cells continuously using energy and respiring. Even when plants and seeds are "dormant," we expect that they are carrying on metabolism but at a very slow rate. "Cryptobiosis" is a state of almost total loss of water seen in some roundworms, rotifers, and tradigrades and has been considered a near cessation of metabolism. Recently, a botanist working in a British museum accidentally spilled fluid on a 120+ year old herbarium mounts. Fearing damage to the plant specimen, he immediately inspected it under the microscope only to find small tardigrades "waking up." These observations

• support the claim that the tardigrades were always alive but respiring at a very slow rate

• generate the possibility that we can bring most dead animals back to life

• contradict the cell theory that all life comes from life

• indicate that metabolism probably did stop, and the chemical organization may be sufficient to maintain the possibility for "life"

Which of the following terms correctly pairs a trigger with an appropriate homeostatic response?

• sensors detect high CO2 levels in the blood and trigger an increase in the rate of breathing

• the drop in body temperature triggers the blood vessels to dilate and increase the surface area to absorb more heat

• an intake of sugar triggers the production of adrenalinto generate energy

• the increased light energy captured by plants triggers a transfer to consumers and decomposers

Which of these examples of form, function, or behavior promotes the likelihood of a desert species' continued existence?

• ability to change from one form to another

• ability to regulate body temperature through internal mechanisms

• ability to respond to the environment by increases hair growth

• ability to change from photosynthesis to respiration

Which of these is the process by which changes occur in the characteristics of species of organisms over time?

• evolution

• metabolism

• adaptation

• homeostasis

The food web above depicts a

• niche

• community

• ecosystem

• biome

Food webs are important in

• maintaining homeostasis of the ecosystem

• reducing the diversity to enable the selected organisms to survive

• producing heat energy to maintain the atmosphere

• recycling chemicals through decomposition