Review: Cells and Heredity (Chapters 3 and 4)

Cancer is a disease in which cells

• grow and divide uncontrollably
• die before they can mature
• stop producing DNA
• die during mitosis

Scientists think cancer begins when

• a mutation occurs in DNA
• a cell divides too slowly
• DNA replication stops
• cells stop growing

What is chemotherapy?

• the use of drugs to treat a disease
• the use of surgery to treat a disease
• the use of radiation to treat a disease
• the use of drugs to prevent cancer from occurring

The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which

• sugars are put together to form a carbohydrate
• phosphates are arranged in DNA
• amino acids are put together to form a protein
• chromosomes are arranged in the nucleus

What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis?

• copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
• copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus
• carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
• copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus

Where does protein synthesis take place?

• in the ribosomes in the nucleus of the cell
• on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
• in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
• on the chromosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

All of the following nitrogen bases in RNA are part of DNA, except

• adenine
• guanine
• cytosine
• uracil

What is a cancer tumor?

• a group of cells in the bloodstream
• a mass of normal cells
• a mass of abnormal cells
• a mass of cells that don’t divide

During DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with

• guanine (G)
• cytosine (C)
• thymine (T)
• adenine (A)

What is a mutation?

• any change that is harmful to an organism
• any change in a gene or chromosome
• any change that is helpful to an organism
• any change in the phenotype of a cell